Abstract: Hepatitis C virus infection spread worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health. One of the important means to prevent and control the spread of hepatitis C is to conduct early diagnosis and give prompt antiviral therapy. Commonly used serum markers in clinical laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis C are HCV-Ab, HCV-Ag, and major tests included qualitative/quantitative HCV-RNA detection and HCV genotype and sub genotype detection. This paper summarizes the current status of the research on technology and methodology of laboratory detection of hepatitis C virus, including ELISA, RIBA, CLIA, DIFA, real-time PCR and RT-LAMP, for the purpose of facilitating the clinical diagnosis, surveillance and epidemiological survey of hepatitis C.