2013年浙江省奉化市水痘疫情流行特征及水痘疫苗保护效果评价[J]. 疾病监测, 2014, 29(12): 957-960. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2014.12.009
引用本文: 2013年浙江省奉化市水痘疫情流行特征及水痘疫苗保护效果评价[J]. 疾病监测, 2014, 29(12): 957-960. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2014.12.009
Incidence pattern of varicella and effect of varicella immunization in Fenghua, Zhejiang,2013[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2014, 29(12): 957-960. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2014.12.009
Citation: Incidence pattern of varicella and effect of varicella immunization in Fenghua, Zhejiang,2013[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2014, 29(12): 957-960. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2014.12.009

2013年浙江省奉化市水痘疫情流行特征及水痘疫苗保护效果评价

Incidence pattern of varicella and effect of varicella immunization in Fenghua, Zhejiang,2013

  • 摘要: 目的 了解2013年浙江省奉化市水痘发病和疫苗接种情况,分析流行特点和影响因素,为水痘防控策略提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,对所有报告病例和暴发疫情资料进行分析,通过1~13岁病例免疫史和人群接种率调查,分年龄计算水痘疫苗保护效力。结果 奉化市2013年水痘报告发病率为59.52/10万,城区高于农村,发病专率最高为9~11岁(1067.05%),其次为6~8岁(503.21/10万)。报告小学暴发疫情1起,接种组和对照组发病率分别为19.10%(17/89)和30.00%(3/10),差异无统计学意义。1~13岁病例中有疫苗接种史占61.51%,1~13岁人群接种率为72.84%,疫苗保护效力31.52%;1~7岁组疫苗保护效力74.17%,8~13岁合计-0.64%。结论 2013年奉化水痘发病以冬季为主,9岁前后为发病高峰年龄,水痘疫苗接种6年后保护力明显下降,现有免疫策略使发病年龄高峰后移,但不能阻止集体单位疫情暴发,建议调整水痘疫苗免疫程序为2剂次。

     

    Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and the effect of varicella immunization in Fenghua, Zhejiang province, and provide evidence for the prevention and strategies of varicella. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of varicella in Fenghua in 2013. The varicella immunization history in age group 1-13 years and the vaccination coverage were surveyed, and age specific protective rates of varicella vaccine were calculated. Results The incidence of varicella was 59.52/lakh. The incidence of varicella in urban area was higher than that in rural area. The incidence was highest in 9-11 yeas age group (1067.05/lakh), followed by age group of 6-8 years (503.21/lakh). The incidence was 19.10% in varicella immunization group (17/89) and 30.00% in control group (3/10) in a varicella outbreak, the difference had no statistical significance. The cases with varicella immunization histories accounted for 61.56% of all varicella cases in age group 1-13 years. The varicella vaccination rate in age group 1-13 years was 72.84%. The overall protective rate of the vaccine was 31.52%, and the protective rates of the vaccine in age groups 1-7 years and 8-13 years were 74.17% and -0.64%, respectively. Conclusion In 2013,varicella mainly occurred in winter in Fenghua. The incidence was high in age group9 years. The protective efficiency of varicella vaccine declined significantly 6 years after the immunization. Due to 1 dose varicella vaccine program, varicella could affect older age group and the outbreak might occur in schools and child care settings. One more dose varicella vaccine should be added in the vaccination program.

     

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