Abstract: Objective To understand the mortality and major death causes of in population in Xiaotangshan township of Beijing during 2008-2013. Methods The death data of local population from 2008 to 2013 were obtained from national death cause register system to conduct descriptive epidemiological analysis. X2 test was performed for statistical analysis. Results The annual crude mortality was 617.17/lakh, 534.21/lakh, 527.33/lakh, 469.61/lakh, 557.34/lakh and 497.35/lakh, respectively, in population in Xiaotangshan during this period, and the standardized mortality was 494.14/lakh, 431.15/lakh, 429.89/lakh, 380.40/lakh, 451.99/lakh and 396.46/lakh, respectively. Both the crude mortality and standardized mortality were in downward trend. The mortality in males was higher than that in females. Among the first 5 death causes, 4 were chronic and non-communicable diseases, including cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular disease,malignant tumor and chronic lower respiratory diseases, the deaths caused by these diseases accounted for 85.89% of the total deaths. The mortalities of these diseases were in upward trend. Conclusion Chronic and non communicable diseases are the major death causes in population in Xiaotangshan, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of chronic and non communicable diseases.