Abstract: Objective To understand the mortality and death cause distribution in residents of Guangxi in 2013 and provide evidence for effective disease prevention and control. Methods Analysis was conducted on the death data of the residents in Guangxi in 2013, collected from national population death registration information system. The death cause were classified according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. The death rate, death cause constituent, rank of death causes were analyzed. The average life expectancy was calculated by using life table. The mortality were calculated according to the underreporting survey of national death cause of surveillance. Results The crude mortality was 634.22/lakh and the adjusted mortality was 736.16/lakh among the residents in Guangxi in 2013. The mortality was higher in males than in females, and in rural area than in urban area, the differences were statistically significant. The life expectancy of the residents in Guangxi in 2013 was 75.11 years. The first 5 leading death causes were cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, malignant tumor, respiratory system disease and injury. The deaths caused by these diseases accounted for 84.57% of the total deaths. The first 5 malignant tumors were liver cancer, trachea bronchus and lung cancer, stomach cancer, mouth and oropharynx cancer and esohpageal cancer. Conclusion The chronic disease and injury were the major death causes among the residents in Guangxi. The targeted prevention and control measures should taken for different age groups. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of chronic diseases and injury.