Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban and rural residents in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province and provide evidence for the development of dyslipidemia prevention and control strategy. Methods A total of 13 056 local urban and rural residents aged 18-80 years were selected through multi-stage random sampling from two counties and districts of Wenzhou. The survey included questionnaire interview, physical examination, i.e. body height/weight and blood pressure measurements, and laboratory test, i.e. the detections of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and blood sugar. Results The average dyslipidemia level in urban and rural residents in Wenzhou is as follow: TC: 5.05 mmol/L (95% CI:5.01-5.08), HDL-C: 1.38 mmol/L (95% CI: 1.37-1.39), LDL-C: 2.82 mmol/L (95% CI: 2.79-2.84) and TG: 1.71 mmol/L (95% CI:1.68-1.74), the differences between urban residents and rural residents had no statistical significance, and the levels of TC and LDL-C were higher in females than in males; The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 39.9%, and it was lower in males than in females. The major forms of dyslipidemia were low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion The overall blood lipid level was relatively high in urban and rural residents in Wenzhou, but the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was lower than the average level in the province. Middle aged males and climacteric females are the kay population for prevention and control of dyslipidemia, and the prevention and control of hypertension and diabetes should be strengthened.