王芹, 李建东, 张全福, 曲靖, 王世文. 2014年全国肾综合征出血热监测总结和疫情分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2016, 31(3): 192-199. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.03.005
引用本文: 王芹, 李建东, 张全福, 曲靖, 王世文. 2014年全国肾综合征出血热监测总结和疫情分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2016, 31(3): 192-199. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.03.005
WANG Qin, LI Jian-dong, ZHANG Quan-fu, QU Jing, WANG Shi-wen. Surveillance for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China, 2014[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2016, 31(3): 192-199. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.03.005
Citation: WANG Qin, LI Jian-dong, ZHANG Quan-fu, QU Jing, WANG Shi-wen. Surveillance for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China, 2014[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2016, 31(3): 192-199. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.03.005

2014年全国肾综合征出血热监测总结和疫情分析

Surveillance for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China, 2014

  • 摘要: 目的 对2014年全国肾综合征出血热(HFRS)监测资料进行总结,描述中国HFRS流行特点,分析疫情趋势。方法 用描述性流行病学方法对2014年全国传染病监测信息报告管理系统网络直报的HFRS病例资料及国家监测点监测资料进行统计学分析。结果 2014年全国HFRS发病继续呈下降趋势,共报告病例11522例,较2013年下降10.05%;报告发病率0.85/10万;死亡79例,病死率0.69%。病例主要集中在东北、华北地区和陕西省;报告发病数排名前10位的省份依次为黑龙江、山东、辽宁、陕西、河北、吉林、湖南、江西、广东和福建省,占全国发病总数的82.54%。全年各月均有病例,呈春季和秋冬季两个发病高峰,11月达到全年最高峰。病例男女性别比为2.75:1,以青壮年男性为主,职业以农民为主(占68.84%)。全国40个国家监测点共报告HFRS病例1069例,比2013年下降8.24%;监测点病例数占全国总数的9.28%;监测点发病总趋势与全国发病趋势一致。监测点鼠密度总体比2013年有所下降;而鼠带病毒率比2013年总体有所升高。优势鼠种野外以黑线姬鼠占主导优势,居民区以褐家鼠占绝对优势。黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠仍是我国HFRS的主要宿主动物和传染源。结论 HFRS监测工作与前几年相比基本持平,有待进一步提高。我国HFRS发病仍呈略微下降趋势,但部分监测点鼠密度和/或带病毒率一直维持在较高水平或者波动较大,HFRS暴发隐患依然存在。各地要因地制宜地制定有针对性的防治策略,坚持开展以预防接种为主和科学灭鼠防鼠的综合性防治措施,以实现对HFRS的有效控制。

     

    Abstract: Objective To understand the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in China. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted by using the surveillance data of HFRS in China in 2014 collected from national notifiable disease reporting system and 40 HFRS surveillance sentinels in China. Results A total of 11 522 HFRS cases, including 79 deaths, were reported, the incidence was 0.85/lakh, a slight decrease of 10.05% compared with 2013. The case fatality rate was 0.69%. The cases mainly occurred in northern and northeastern China as well as Shaanxi province. The cases were mainly reported in 10 provinces, i.e. Heilongjiang, Shandong, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Hebei, Jilin, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian, accounting for 82.54% of the national total. The incidence was high in spring and during autumn-winter, and the peak occurred in November. The case number reported in males was 2.75 times higher than that reported in females. The cases were mainly young and middle aged adults. The cases in farmers accounted for highest proportion (68.84%). A total of 1069 HFRS cases were reported by 40 HFRS sentinels, accounting for 9.28% of national total, but it decreased by 8.24% compared with 2013. The density of animal hosts decreased, while the hantavirus carriage rate of animal hosts increased slightly compared with in 2013. Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species in open field, and Rattus norvegicus was the predominant one in residential area. Conclusion The surveillance quality of HFRS in 2014 was similar to that in recent years. The overall incidence of HFRS in China showed a slight decrease. The density and/or the hantavirus carriage rate of animal hosts in some areas remained to be at high level, suggesting that the risk of HFRS outbreak still exists. In these areas, the prevention and control should not be neglected, it is necessary to develop targeted prevention and control strategy, continue vaccination and deratization projects to control HFRS effectively

     

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