尹志英, 来时明, 钟建跃, 严传富, 谢淑云, 龚晓英. 2006-2014年浙江省衢州市水痘疫情流行特征及水痘疫苗免疫效果分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2016, 31(4): 308-313. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.04.011
引用本文: 尹志英, 来时明, 钟建跃, 严传富, 谢淑云, 龚晓英. 2006-2014年浙江省衢州市水痘疫情流行特征及水痘疫苗免疫效果分析[J]. 疾病监测, 2016, 31(4): 308-313. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.04.011
YIN Zhi-ying, LAI Shi-ming, ZHONG Jian-yue, YAN Chuan-fu, XIE Shu-yun, GONG Xiao-ying. Epidemiology of varicella and effect of varicella immunization in Quzhou, Zhejiang, 2006-2014[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2016, 31(4): 308-313. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.04.011
Citation: YIN Zhi-ying, LAI Shi-ming, ZHONG Jian-yue, YAN Chuan-fu, XIE Shu-yun, GONG Xiao-ying. Epidemiology of varicella and effect of varicella immunization in Quzhou, Zhejiang, 2006-2014[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2016, 31(4): 308-313. DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.04.011

2006-2014年浙江省衢州市水痘疫情流行特征及水痘疫苗免疫效果分析

Epidemiology of varicella and effect of varicella immunization in Quzhou, Zhejiang, 2006-2014

  • 摘要: 目的 分析2006-2014年浙江省衢州市水痘疫情流行特征及疫苗使用效果, 为制定水痘防控策略提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法, 对所有报告病例疫情资料进行分析。分析2005年之后出生儿童的水痘发病及水痘疫苗接种情况, 计算水痘疫苗保护效果。结果 衢州市2006-2014年水痘年报告发病率为24.12/10万, 其中, 柯城区发病率最高, 为87.25/10万, 江山市发病率最低, 为2.17/10万。每年5-6月以及11月至次年1月发病数较多, 5~9岁儿童发病率最高, 为183.56/10万, 10~14岁发病率呈逐年上升趋势。2005年之后出生儿童水痘突破病例的构成比为30.46%, 2岁内水痘疫苗接种率逐年提高, 平均接种率为69.93%, 水痘疫苗的接种有效延迟了水痘发病。水痘疫苗1年保护效果为100%, 然后逐年下降, 6年后保护效果明显下降。结论 小学校是水痘疫情的高发场所。现有免疫策略使发病年龄高峰后移, 但不能阻止集体单位疫情暴发, 调整水痘疫苗免疫程序为2剂次非常必要。

     

    Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and the effect of varicella immunization in Quzhou, Zhejiang province, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of varicella. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted by using the incidence data of varicella in children in Quzhou during 2006-2014 and the varicella immunization effect in children born after 2005 was evaluated. Results The overall incidence of varicella was 24.12/lakh in children in Quzhou during 2006-2014. The incidence was highest in Kecheng district (87.25/lakh) and lowest in Jiangshan county (2.17/lakh). The incidence peaks were during May-June and during November-January. The incidence in children aged 5-9 years was highest (183.56/lakh), and the incidence in children aged 10-14 years increased with year. The break-through cases with vaccination history accounted for 30.46% in children born after 2005, the vaccination rates increased with year in age group2 years, and the average rates of varicella immunization was 69.93%, the onset time of varicella was delayed effectively by vaccination. The vaccine effectiveness of varicella was 100% within one year after immunization, and declined significantly 6 years after the immunization. Conclusion Varicella outbreak is prone to occur in primary schools. Current 1 dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy can postpone the high incidence of varicella to older age group, but can not prevent the outbreak in collective settings. It is necessary to add one more dose in the immunization.

     

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