Abstract: Objective To evaluate the performance of surveillance for human brucellosis and analyze the prevalence characteristics of brucellosisin Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2010-2014, then provide evidence for brucellosis prevention and control. Methods County based surveillance was conducted by means of field epidemiological survey, in each county (banner), 3 townships with mild, moderate and severe brucellosis epidemics were selected through stratified sampling,and at least 600 people were surveyed in each township, most people surveyed were engaged in animal husbandry. Rose bengal plate agglutination test, tube agglutination test and pathogen isolation were conducted by using the blood samples collected from suspected brucellosis cases. Results During 2010-2014, a total of 1 204 425 person times were surveyed in 17 145 villages of 2181 townships,and 928 155 blood samples were tested, in which 86 083 were positive (9.27%). A total of 70 114 brucellosis cases were detected, in which 17 057 were detected by active surveillance. The incidence was 5.82% in population at high risk. Brucellosis occurred in all 101 counties (banner) in 12 leagues in Inner Mongolia. Most cases were young adults, males and farmers or herdsmen. A total of 98 strains of Brucellamelitensis 3 and 25 strains of Brucellamelitensis 1 were isolated. Conclusion The brucellosis epidemicin Inner Mongolia was characterized by high intensity and wide geographic distribution. The underreporting rate of brucellosis was high. The health of the local people was affected seriously.