Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of heatstroke in Anhui during 2010-2016, and provide reference for the prevention and control of heatstroke in hot season. Methods The incidence data of heatstroke in Anhui during this period were collected from heatstroke case reporting system of national disease reporting information system. The data were cleaned and analyzed. Results A total of 3 149 heatstroke cases were reported in Anhui during 2010-2016, among which 2 167 cases (68.82%) were mild. Eighty six persons died of severe heatstroke, and the case fatality was 2.73%(86/3 194), among the fatal cases, 47 (54.65%) were caused by thermoplegia. The incidences of both mild heatstroke and severe heatstroke were higher in males than in females, the differences were significant (2=13.856, P=0.001). The mean age of patients with heatstroke was 50.0719.45 years, and the mean age of male patients was 48.8418.36 years, lower than that of female patients (52.6221.33 years), the difference between males and females were significant (t=-4.858, P=0.001). Heatstroke cases in age group 40 years (37.31%,1 175/3 149) accounted for the largest proportion, in age group 60 years, more cases occurred in males (69.58%,1 995/2 867) than in females, but in age group 80 years, more cases occurred in females (53.90%,152/282). Most cases of heatstroke occurred during June-September, accounting for 98.98%(3 117/3 149), particularly during July-August, accounting for 93.39%(2 941/3 149). The average incidence of heatstroke was 0.74/100 000 in Anhui during 2010-2016. The incidence was highest in Hefei (3.56/100 000) and the case fatality was highest in Xuancheng (25.00%,218). Conclusions Heatstroke mainly occurs during July-August in Anhui, most cases were mild, and middle-aged men and old women were susceptible to heatstroke. It is necessary to strengthen the heatstroke warning and severe heatstroke case treatment.