Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in Yunnan province from 2000 to 2015 and provide evidence for the prevention and control the anthrax.

Methods The incidence data of anthrax in Yunnan from 2000 to 2015 were collected for a descriptive epidemiological analysis with software SPSS 17.0.

Results Anthrax occurred every year in Yunnan during this period, a total of 400 cases were reported cumulatively, and cutaneous anthrax predominated. The incidence of anthrax was stable and showed a downward trend. The annual incidence ranged from 0.01/100 000 to 0.15/100 000. The overall case fatality rate was 2.25%; Wenshan had the highest case number, accounting for 24.31% of the total. The cases mainly occurred during June-August, a high temperature and rainy season, which accounted for 49.75% of the total. Most patients were aged 30–50 years (58.25%) and farmers (83.00%). Much more cases occurred in males (80.11%) than in females (19.89%), the difference was significant (χ²＝27.652, P＝0.001).

Conclusion The incidence of anthrax was stable in Yunnan during 2000–2015. The disease mainly occurred in July, most cases were farmers, and much more males were affected. It is important to strengthen health education in disease endemic area and improve the detection capability of anthrax of grass roots health facilities for the timely epidemic detection and response.