Abstract: ObjectiveTo understand the current status of vacination of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in child care settings and influencing factors in Xining, Qinghai province, and provide evidence for formulating the immunization strategy of Hib vaccine.MethodsA stratified two stage random cluster sampling was conducted to select 8 child care settings in Xining. Fifty children were selected from each child care setting. A self-designed structure questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of children and guardians, and children’s knowledge, attitude and behavior to Hib disease and vaccine.ResultsAmong 383 children surveyed, 130 were vaccinated with Hib component vaccine (33.94%), 253 were not vaccinated. In children who missed the vaccination, 79.05% of them might not know that they should be vaccinated. The awareness rate of Hib disease related knowledge of guardians was only 2.34%, and the rate of showing attitude to vaccination was 8.61%. Among the 15 related factors in the questionnaires, guardian considered necessary to be vaccinated (OR＝2.88, 95% CI: 1.25–6.65), doctor’s advice (OR＝2.57, 95% CI: 1.20–5.51), and guardians actively asked about Hib disease and vaccine related knowledge (OR＝4.63, 95% CI: 2.25–9.56) were the main factors influencing the vaccination of Hib component vaccine.ConclusionThe vaccination rate of Hib component vaccine was low in children in Xining. It is necessary to strengthen the health education about Hib disease for the purpose of improving guardians’ awareness of Hib diseases and vaccine related knowledge and expanding the coverage of Hib component vaccine.