2009－2018年浙江省宁波市吸毒人群HIV、梅毒和HCV感染状况及其行为特征

姜海波; 洪航; 董红军; 史宏博; 顾晓敏

doi:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.05.009

2009－2018年浙江省宁波市吸毒人群HIV、梅毒和HCV感染状况及其行为特征

Behavioral characteristics and prevalence of HIV, Treponema pallidum and HCV infections in drug users in Ningbo, Zhejiang, 2009–2018

摘要

摘要:
目的了解2009 — 2018年浙江省宁波市吸毒人群人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、梅毒螺旋体和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染状况和行为特征。
方法通过连续采样，2009 — 2018年每年4 — 6月对宁波市强制戒毒所新入所吸毒者开展横断面调查，收集研究对象人口学、行为学特征等信息，并开展HIV、梅毒螺旋体和HCV抗体检测，采用趋势性χ²检验、多因素logistic回归分析该人群吸毒行为、性行为与梅毒感染的关联。
结果本次调查对象共4 000人，年龄（33.48±8.25）岁，男性占82.98%，文化程度为初中及以下者占86.15%，新型毒品使用者占66.03%，且呈逐年增长趋势（趋势χ²＝9.230，P＝0.002）。 HIV、梅毒螺旋体和HCV总检出率分别为0.48%、13.80%和21.06%，其中梅毒螺旋体检测率呈逐年上升趋势（趋势χ²＝5.355，P＝0.021），HCV阳性率呈逐年下降趋势（趋势χ²＝37.921，P＜0.001）。多因素分析显示女性（aOR＝3.512，P＜0.001）、高龄（aOR＝2.163，P＝0.014）、近1年发生过商业性行为是梅毒螺旋体感染的危险因素（aOR＝1.536，P＜0.001）。
结论宁波市吸毒人群HIV、HCV感染率较低，但梅毒螺旋体感染呈上升趋势，新型毒品使用比例增加，提示需针对女性、有商业性行为和高龄组吸毒人群开展有效干预措施。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo understand the change of behavioral characteristics and the prevalence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Treponema pallidum, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in drug users in Ningbo of Zhejiang province.
MethodsFrom 2009 to 2018, annual cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and June among drug users in drug rehabilitation center and blood samples were taken from them for the detections of HIV, Treponema pallidum and HCV antibodies. Trend χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between Treponema pallidum infection and drug use or sexual behavior.
ResultsThe average age of the 4 000 drug users was 33.48±8.25 years. Among them, 82.98% were males, and 86.15% had the education level of junior high school or below. Novel type drug users accounted for 66.03%, and the trend increased year by year ( χ²＝9.230, P＝0.002). The overall positive rates of HIV, Treponema pallidum and HCV were 0.48%, 13.80% and 21.06%, respectively. The positive rate of Treponema pallidum showed an increase trend year by year ( χ²＝5.355, P＝0.021), and the HCV positive rate showed a decrease trend year by year ( χ²＝37.921, P＜0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that female (aOR＝3.512, P＜0.001), older age (aOR＝2.163, P＝0.014) and commercial sex in the past year (aOR＝1.536, P＜0.001) were risk factors for Treponema pallidum infection (P＜0.05).
ConclusionThe HIV and HCV infection rates in drug users in Ningbo were low, but the infection rate of Treponema pallidum was on rise. The use of novel type drugs was in increase. Targeted effective interventions should be conducted in female and older drug users as well as drug users having commercial sex.

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