浙江省台州市老年人免费接种流感疫苗覆盖率分析

刘令初; 靳妍; 徐放; 王良友; 王连华; 陈怡平; 徐一文; 柴文杰; 邱春华

doi:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.11.017

浙江省台州市老年人免费接种流感疫苗覆盖率分析

Coverage rate of influenza vaccination in the elderly in Taizhou, Zhejiang

摘要

摘要:
目的估计实施老年人免费接种流行性感冒（流感）疫苗政策后浙江省台州市的流感疫苗接种覆盖率。
方法以台州市≥60岁的老年人为研究对象，通过浙江省免疫规划信息平台和台州市慢性病信息管理系统获取全部接种人群的基础数据，从而估算台州市老年人及老年慢性病患者免费接种流感疫苗的覆盖率。
结果 2018年台州市≥60岁老年人的流感疫苗覆盖率为42.36%（473 456/1 117 667），各年龄组间覆盖率差异有统计学意义（χ²=23 561.103，P<0.001），且随着年龄增长，覆盖率呈下降趋势（趋势χ²=23 326.480，P<0.001）。女性流感疫苗接种覆盖率高于男性（χ²=1 041.805，P<0.001）。城区高于县，县高于县级市（P<0.001）。 2017 — 2018年台州市椒江区流感疫苗持续覆盖率为71.37%（30 794/43 148）。曾发生冠心病急性事件和有脑卒中病史的老年人流感疫苗覆盖率（59.98%和87.30%）高于总体覆盖率（42.36%），而有恶性肿瘤病史和糖尿病史的老年人的流感疫苗覆盖率（41.66%和28.70%）低于总体覆盖率，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。曾发生冠心病急性事件和有脑卒中病史的老年人流感疫苗覆盖率均高于未发生相应疾病的老年人，而有糖尿病史和恶性肿瘤病史的老年人的流感疫苗覆盖率均低于未发生相应疾病的老年人，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。
结论台州市老年人流感疫苗接种覆盖率存在人群差异，建议开展影响因素专题研究，为制定有效提高老年人群体免费流感疫苗接种服务提供依据。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the coverage rate of influenza vaccination in people aged ≥60 years in Taizhou, Zhejiang.
Methods All the elderly aged ≥60 years in Taizhou were the study subjects. The basic data of all the elder people aged ≥60 years were obtained through immunization program information system of Zhejiang province and chronic disease information system of Taizhou.
Results The coverage rate of influenza vaccination was 42.36% (473 456/1 117 667) in the elderly aged ≥60 years in Taizhou in 2018. There were significant differences in the coverage rate among different age groups ( χ²=23 561.103, P<0.001) and the coverage rate decreased with the age ( χ²=23 326.480, P<0.001). The coverage rate of influenza vaccination in women was higher than that in men ( χ²=1 041.805, P<0.001). The area distribution showed the coverage rate of influenza vaccination in urban areas (Jiaojiang, Huangyan and Luqiao) was higher than that in Sanmen, Tiantai and Xianju counties, and the coverage rate in Linhai, Wenling and Yuhuan counties was lowest (P<0.001). The continuous vaccination rate was 71.37% (30 794/43 148) in Jiaojiang district between 2017 and 2018. The coverage rates of influenza vaccination in the elderly with coronary heart disease or stroke were 59.98% and 87.30%, which were higher than overall coverage rate (42.36%). The coverage rates of influenza vaccination for the elderly with malignant tumor or diabetes were 41.66% and 28.70%, which were lower than the overall coverage rate (P<0.001). The coverage rate of influenza vaccination in the elderly with coronary heart disease or stroke was higher than that in the elderly without coronary heart disease or stroke, whereas the coverage rate of influenza vaccination in the elderly with diabetes or malignant tumor was lower than that in the elderly without diabetes or malignant tumor, and the difference was significant (P<0.001).
Conclusion The coverage rate of influenza vaccination in the elderly in Taizhou differed with population. Further study on influencing factors should be carried out for the improvement of influenza vaccination in the elderly.

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