2019年新疆喀什地区健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌携带情况调查研究

陈紫曼; 谢娜; 徐丽; 王童敏; 何丽娟; 朱兵清; 高源; 邵祝军

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202011250397

2019年新疆喀什地区健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌携带情况调查研究

Investigation of Neisseria meningitidis in healthy population in Kashgar, Xinjiang, 2019

摘要

摘要:
目的了解新疆喀什地区健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌（Neisseria meningitidis，Nm）的携带情况。
方法在喀什地区4个县（市），按年龄分组采取整群随机抽样方式采集703份健康人咽拭子，通过细菌培养和实时荧光定量PCR（real-time PCR）方法检测Nm带菌率，采用血清玻片凝集法和real-time PCR方法鉴定菌株的血清群，结合流行病学资料进行分析。
结果本研究共分离Nm菌株91株，健康人群带菌率为12.94%。其中B、C、W、Y、E群菌株分别占32.97%（30/91）、13.18%（12/91）、16.48%（15/91）、12.09%（11/91）、1.10%（1/91），血清不可分群（nongroupable，NG）菌株占24.17%（22/91）。各年龄组人群Nm带菌率差异有统计学意义（χ²=45.725，P<0.05），0～、3～、5～、7～、15～、≥20岁年龄组的带菌率分别为5.88%（6/102）、4.90%（5/102）、9.18%（9/98）、14.20%（23/162）、27.27%（27/99）、15.00%（21/140）。 real-time PCR方法检测Nm阳性标本185份，培养和real-time PCR两种方法检测的带菌率差异有统计学意义（χ²=153.589，P<0.05）。
结论喀什地区健康人群Nm带菌率处于较高水平，15～岁年龄组是高携带人群，健康人群分离菌株血清群复杂。 real-time PCR方法可以作为培养的辅助方法，提高检测阳性率。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in the healthy population of Kashgar, Xinjiang.
Methods In four counties in Kashgar prefecture, a total of 703 throat swabs were collected from healthy people in different age group selected by cluster random sampling. N. meningitidis was isolated and identified by culture and real-time PCR. The serogroup of N. meningitidis strain was determined by slide agglutination and real-time PCR. The laboratory results and epidemiological survey data were analyzed.
Results In this study, a total of 91 N. meningitidis strains were isolated with a carriage rate of 12.94%. The proportion of serogroup B, C, W, Y, E and non-groupable (NG) strains were 32.97% (30/91), 13.18% (12/91), 16.48% (15/91), 12.09% (11/91), 1.10% (1/91) and 24.17%(22/91), respectively. The N. meningitidis carriage rate in healthy population were 27.27% (27/99) in age group 15–19 years, 15.00% (21/140) in age group ≥20 years, 14.20% (23/162) in age group 7–14 years, 9.18% (9/98) in age group 5–6 years, 4.90% (5/102) in age 3–4 years and 5.88% (6/102) in age group 0–2 years, respectively, the differences were significant ( χ²=45.725, P<0.05). A total of 185 throat swabs were positive in real-time PCR, and the difference in detection rates between culture and real-time PCR was significant ( χ²=153.589, P<0.05).
Conclusion The N. meningitidis carriage rate in healthy population in Kashgar was relatively high with age group 15–19 years having the highest carriage rate. The serogroups of N. meningitidis strains isolated from the healthy population were complex. The application of real-time PCR in the carriage survey of N. meningitidis in healthy population can increase the positive rate of the detection.

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