Abstract: Neoehrlichiosis is a new tick-borne natural focal disease. The disease was first reported in Sweden in 2010 and is now endemic in several countries in Europe and Asia. This article reviews the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of neoehrlichiosis for improving the knowledge of clinical and disease control worker on neoehrlichiosis, enhancing the ability of diagnosis, treatment and control, and building the foundation of further research.