王仁媛, 许莉, 李超, 黄玲, 曾良英. 2016-2020年海口市新生儿出生缺陷的监测结果及危险因素研究[J]. 疾病监测, 2022, 37(6): 839-843. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202108030428
引用本文: 王仁媛, 许莉, 李超, 黄玲, 曾良英. 2016-2020年海口市新生儿出生缺陷的监测结果及危险因素研究[J]. 疾病监测, 2022, 37(6): 839-843. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202108030428
Wang Renyuan, Xu Li, Li Chao, Huang Ling, Zeng Liangying. Surveillance results and risk factors of neonatal birth defects in Haikou, Hainan province, 2016−2020[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2022, 37(6): 839-843. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202108030428
Citation: Wang Renyuan, Xu Li, Li Chao, Huang Ling, Zeng Liangying. Surveillance results and risk factors of neonatal birth defects in Haikou, Hainan province, 2016−2020[J]. Disease Surveillance, 2022, 37(6): 839-843. DOI: 10.3784/jbjc.202108030428

2016-2020年海口市新生儿出生缺陷的监测结果及危险因素研究

Surveillance results and risk factors of neonatal birth defects in Haikou, Hainan province, 2016−2020

  • 摘要:
      目的   了解2016—2020年海南省海口市新生儿出生缺陷发生情况及相关危险因素,为制定预防措施提供参考依据。
      方法   选取2016年1月至2020年12月在海南省妇幼保健院和海口市妇幼保健院出生的新生儿31 860名进行回顾性分析,对新生儿出生缺陷的检出率进行统计。 将有出生缺陷患儿设为病例组,另选取与病例组性别、年龄、出生时间匹配的健康新生儿为对照组,采用logistic逐步回归分析新生儿出生缺陷的危险因素。
      结果   31 860名新生儿中共检出出生缺陷患儿419例,出生缺陷发生率1.32%。 出生缺陷发生率前5位依次为先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、唇腭裂、神经管缺陷、尿道下裂。 logistic逐步回归分析显示,2016—2017年(OR=2.903,95%CI:1.815~4.612)、异常生育史(OR=2.518,95% CI:1.604~3.805)、出生体质量(OR=5.182,95% CI:3.627~8.519)、孕期饮酒(OR=4.257,95% CI:3.106~6.115)、孕期吸烟(OR=4.613,95% CI:3.327~7.185)、孕早期病毒感染(OR=3.526,95% CI:2.413~5.114)、孕期服药史(OR=8.903,95% CI:5.275~15.927)、孕期有毒物质接触史(OR=7.602,95% CI:4.713~13.165)、孕期营养不良(OR=6.127,95% CI:3.952~11.864)及孕期不良精神刺激(OR=2.308,95% CI:1.462~3.287)是发生出生缺陷的危险因素。
      结论   海南省海口市新生儿出生缺陷发生率仍较高,影响新生儿出生缺陷发生的危险因素众多,应针对性地加强孕期健康教育,降低出生缺陷的发生率。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective   To understand the incidence of neonatal birth defects and related risk factors in Haikou, Hainan province, from 2016 to 2020, and provide reference for the development of prevention measures.
      Methods   A retrospective analysis was conducted by using the incidence data of neonatal birth defects in 31 860 newborns born in Hainan Maternal and Child Health Center and Haikou Maternal and Child Health Center from January 2016 to December 2020. The incidence of birth defects was statistically analyzed. Children with birth defects were divided into case group and healthy newborns matched with gender, age and birth time of the case group were selected as control group. The risk factors for birth defects were analyzed by multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis.
      Results   A total of 419 cases of birth defects were detected in 31 860 neonates, and the incidence of birth defects was 1.32%. The first five birth defects were congenital heart disease, multi finger (toes), cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects and hypospadias. Multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed year 2016−2017 (OR=2.903, 95% CI: 1.815−4.612), abnormal birth history (OR=2.518, 95% CI: 1.604−3.805), birth weight (OR=5.182, 95% CI: 3.627−8.519), alcohol consumption during pregnancy (OR=4.257, 95% CI: 3.106−6.115), smoking during pregnancy (OR=4.613, 95% CI: 3.327−7.185), virus infection in early pregnancy (OR=3.526, 95% CI: 2.413−5.114), pregnancy medication history (OR=8.903, 95% CI: 5.275−15.927), toxic substance exposure during pregnancy (OR=7.602, 95% CI: 4.713−13.165), malnutrition during pregnancy (OR=6.127, 95% CI: 3.952−11.864) and adverse mental stimulation during pregnancy (OR=2.308, 95% CI: 1.462−3.287) were risk factors for birth defects.
      Conclusion   The incidence of neonatal birth defects was high in Haikou, and there were many risk factors affecting the incidence of neonatal birth defects. Health education during pregnancy should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of birth defects.

     

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