Abstract: Cholera remains a major public health concern worldwide. Now we are still in the seventh cholera pandemic. Successive large-scale cholera outbreaks were reported in China since 1961, especially before Year 2000. Nowadays, cholera is completely under control in China, which is the consequence of the great importance attached by the Chinese Communist Party and the Government, the highly professional responsibility of the health workers and the efforts the people has made. In addition, scientific research and the application of new technology have provided obbligato supports. Now cholera is rare in China, whereas the threat still exists. The laboratory-based national surveillance network, which integrated multiple-dimension data and new technology, is now playing important role in the sensitive surveillance and effective response of cholera.