2000－2020年天津市≥60岁老年居民伤害死亡谱特征及变化情况

张爽; 张辉; 王卓; 王德征; 郑文龙; 江国虹

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202205080437

2000－2020年天津市≥60岁老年居民伤害死亡谱特征及变化情况

Death cause spectrum and change trends of injury among old aged 60 and above in Tianjin, 2000−2020

摘要

摘要:
目的了解2000—2020年天津市≥60岁老年居民伤害死亡谱的特征及变化情况。
方法伤害死亡数据来源于天津市疾病预防控制中心的全人口全死因监测数据库，计算不同性别、地区和年龄组的伤害死亡率、构成比等指标。采用SAS 9.2统计软件，用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验计算构成比的变化趋势。采用Joinpoint 4.3.1软件分析不同伤害原因死亡率的变化趋势，计算平均年度变化百分比（AAPC）。
结果天津市≥60岁人口占全年龄组伤害死亡的构成比从2000年的24.20%上升到2020年68.01%（P<0.01）。≥60岁人群伤害粗死亡率从2000年的53.26/10万上升到2020年的88.81/10万（AAPC=2.62%，P<0.01）；标化死亡率从2000年的54.92/10万上升到2020年的85.29/10万（AAPC=2.55%，P<0.01）。男性、农村居民和≥80岁老年人的伤害死亡率相对较高。道路交通伤害、跌倒、自杀、意外中毒和溺水是天津市老年人伤害死亡的前5位原因。伤害标化死亡率呈上升趋势的有跌倒（AAPC=8.21%，P<0.01）和溺水（AAPC=1.64%，P=0.009）；标化死亡率呈下降趋势的有自杀（AAPC=−1.89%，P=0.014）、意外中毒（AAPC=−9.66%，P<0.01）和被杀（AAPC=−5.59%，P<0.01）；道路交通伤害、火灾、砸死、触电和自然环境因素意外的标化死亡率变化差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
结论 2000—2020年天津市≥60岁居民伤害死亡率不断攀升，且随年龄增长而增加。男性、农村居民和≥80岁老年人的伤害死亡率相对较高。跌倒、道路交通伤害、自杀等伤害原因应作为老年人伤害防控的重点工作，应继续开展针对性防控，提升老年人口健康水平。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the death cause spectrum and mortality change trends of injury among aged 60 and above in Tianjin from 2000 to 2020.
Methods The data were collected from the “Population Based Mortality Surveillance System in Tianjin”, which was maintained by Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We calculated the mortality rates, Chinese age-standardized rates and constituent ratios of injury among different genders, areas and age groups. We used Cochran-Armitage trend test to calculate the change trend of constituent ratio by SAS 9.2. We used Joinpoint regression to calculate average annual percent change (AAPC) of different causes of injury.
Results From 2000 to 2020, the constituent ratio of aged 60 and above accounting for all age groups dying of injury increased from 24.20% to 68.01%. The crude mortality rate of injury among aged 60 and above increased from 53.26/100 000 to 88.81/100 000 (AAPC=2.62%, P<0.01). The Chinese age-standardized rate was 54.92–85.29/100 000 (AAPC=2.55%, P<0.01). The mortality rate of injury in male, rural and aged 80 and above was higher than other subgroups. The top five common causes of injury included traffic accidents, fall, suicide, poisoning and drowning. The Chinese age-standardized rate of injury showed a rise tendency in fall (AAPC=8.21%, P<0.01) and drowning (AAPC=1.64%, P=0.009), while in suicide (AAPC=−1.89%, P=0.014), poisoning (AAPC=−9.66%, P<0.01) and homicide (AAPC=−5.59%, P<0.01) showed a decreased tendency. For traffic accidents, fire, killing by falling object, electric shock and natural factors, the trend showed no statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion In recent 20 years, the injury mortality among 60 and above in Tianjin appeared a tendency rise. The mortality rates of injury increased with age. The mortality rate of injury in male, rural and aged 80 and above was rather higher. Fall, traffic accidents and suicide should be the focus of injury prevention for older adults. The targeted prevention and control should be carried out to improve the health level of older adults.

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