Abstract: Objective To understand the incidence trend of typhoid and paratyphoid, the major pathogen in area with high incidence and the bacteria carriage in risk population as well as the bacteria drug resistance in China. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of typhoid and paratyphoid by network direct reporting and the surveillance results in national surveillance sites in China in 2009. Results Totally 16 938 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid were reported, including 9 deaths, of which 12 427 were typhoid cases (including 7 deaths); 4511 were paratyphoid cases (including 2 deaths); Compared with 2008, the typhoid cases increased by 13.53% and paratyphoid cases declined by 3.92%. Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan remained to be the provinces with high incidences of the disease. The detection of patients specimen indicated that the positive rate in clinically diagnosed cases (19.23%) was higher than that in suspected cases (4.56%). The predominant pathogen isolated was Salmonella paratyphi A, accounting for 60.69% of the total isolates. The drug resistance rate of Salmonella typhi was higher than that of Salmonella paratyphi. The drug resistance spectrum varied by regions. The PFEG indicated that JKPX01.CN0001 were the prevalent patterns of paratyphoid A in area with high incidence. Conclusion The overall incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid declined in China, but the situation in some provinces was still serious. It is necessary to find out the risk factors and take targeted prevention and control measures in these provinces.