Abstract: Objective To analyze the effect of modern tuberculosis control strategy (DOTS) in TB control project in Kizilsu Kirgiz autonomous prefecture in Xinjiang. Methods The statistical analysis was conducted on the data of TB control project from 2003 to 2008 in Kizilsu Kirgiz. Results A total of 2950 cases of smear positive pulmonary TB were detected during this period. The registering rate of smear positive cases declined from 103.4/lakh in 2003 to 86.8/lakh in 2008, a decrease of 16.1%. The newly detected smear positive case number was 2257, the registering rate declined from 69.6/lakh to 66.3/lakh, a decrease of 4.7%. The cure rate for initially treated smear positive cases was 91.8% and the cure rate for re-treated cases was 81.5%. The proportion of re-treated cases declined by years. Conclusion Political commitment and effectively carrying out DOTS are the key for the better prevention and control of TB. The detection of smear positive cases, supervision of chemotherapy quality, improvement of TB management and increasing registering rate and cure rate of smear positive cases should be strengthened in the future.