Abstract: This article showed the analysis of surveillance results of controlling hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the epidemic of HFRS from rats and crowd during 1995-2001. There had been 755 patients of HFRS during the past seven years, the average incidence rate was 10.55/100 thousand yearly; and 8 patients had been died, the fatality of HFRS was 1.06%. The seasonal distribution: there were cases in every month all year round, which showed two peaks: spring peak (from March to June) and autumn peak (from October to January of next year).Cases of HFRS were distribtued in every towns,the characteristic:more cases in the hilly land than in the plain area,and more cases in the plain area than in the coastal area.Of all patients,68.48% was mainly in 30 to 50 age group,the ratio of sex (male:female) was 2.18:1,which showed the declined trend(r=-0.81,p<0.05).85.83% of all patients are peasants,and 7.55% of them the students.The investigation of immunized level of crowd showed that the average positive proportion of anti-HFRS IgG was 11.37%,the coincidence rate in the clinical diagnoses compared with the result of serum test was 66.00%.We carried out the investigation of inhabited rat density and their carrying virus state at home in spring and in field in autumn each year.The captured inhabited rats was divided into six species in three families of two orders.Among them,the superiority of the rat at home are R.rattus of which the carrying virus was 2.99%，and in the field the A.arariue of which carrying virus rate was 3.28%,the index of carrying virus was 4.35 in spring and 2.28 in autumn,which showed the positive correlation in comparison with the incidence rate yearly(r=0.82,P<0.05).The HFRS Ⅱ vaccine had been used on 5000 persons from the towns with the high incidence rate,and three-year protective rate was 100%.We had adopted the general protective measurements of which the vaccine inoculating was main way to control HFES.We had been advocating to inoculate vaccine in Canyu county widely,which had boosted the immunized level of crowd and declined the incidence rates of HFRS for two years.So we believed that inoculating of the HFRS vaccine was the best way of controlling HFRS.