Abstract: Objective The present study was conducted to understand the morbidity characteristics of HIV／AIDS among population in low incidence area．Methods HIV／AIDS cases themselves or their family members were inquired one by one using”HIV／AIDS case questionnaire”，which was mapped out by Henan Provincial Institute of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and AIDS，and their blood specimens were collected to detect CD+4T lymphocytes at the Henan provincial CDC．Results (1) The prevalence rate of HIV／AIDS was 0.56 per lakh in Puyang city (The estimated infection rate of HIV was 35 per lakh in the population in Henan)，the incidence at a low level．(2) Transmission by sexual contact was found to be a major route of transmission (50％)，there being five cases infected through spousal sexual transmission，and five cases who had a history of extramarital sexual behavior．(3) Among the HIV-infected，there were only 3 cases whose CD+4T lymphocytes were over 300，and who began to deteriorate to AIDS and die one after and another．Conclusion The incidenee rate of HIV/AIDS was at a low level in Puyang city with transmission through sexual contact being the dominant route．Transmission through sexual behavior was a major route for the disease to spread from high risk population to the general population．