Abstract: Objective This study was designed to analyze the trend of mortality of malignant neoplasms among dewellers in a chemical industry area，providing scientific data for instituting lo-cal strategies for the prevention and control of neoplasms．Methods Based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)，analysis was made on the data on the mortality of neoplasms and the demography among dewellers of the chemical industry area from 2000 tO 2005．Results The mortality caused by malignant tumors accounted for 33.83％of the total deaths among dewellers in the chemical industry area from 2000 to 2005，with the mortality undulating in a small amplitude at a high level．And the mortality increased rapidly with age after 40 years of age with malignan-cies in the gastrointestinal tract prevailing．The mortality of malignancies is significantly higher in males than in females．The top five malignancies were cancer of the stomach，lung cancer，cancer of the liver，cancer of the esophagus and intestinal cancer respectively，accounting for 79.52％ of the total deaths caused by all malignancies．The mortality of malignancies in the downwind resi-dential areas (heavily polluted zone) to the large-scale chemical industry enterprises was signifi-cantly higher than that in any other slightly polluted zones．Conclusion The mid-aged and elder-ly are the major populations for whom prevention and control of malignant tumors should be taken seriously．The fundamental measures to lower the morbidity and mortality of malignancies involve making control of environmental pollution，intensifying health educations on the prevention and control of malignancies，promoting the development of good living habits and maintaining a well-balanced state of mind