Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence of thyroid nodule in healthy population and risk factors related to thyroid nodule prevalence. Methods A total of 11 268 people receiving health examination m Chengbei district of Hangzhou from May 2012 to May 2013 were included in this survey. A questionnaire survey was conducted among these people to collect the information about their occupation, education level, household income, lifestyle and mental stress. According to the results of thyroid type B ultrasonic detection, the prevalence of thyroid nodule was calculated. The differences in health examination results between thyroid nodule group and non-thyroid nodule group were compared with t test. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors related to the prevalence of thyroid nodule. Results The prevalence of thyroid nodule in this population was 37.19%, the prevalence was higher in females than in males. The difference was statistically significant. The prevalence of thyroid nodule was higher in people with high education level and high mental stress. Compared with non-thyroid nodule group, the BMI, blood pressure, blood sugar level, total cholesterol level and triglyceride level were significantly higher in thyroid nodule group, the difference was statistical significant. Logistic regression analysis indicated that female, age, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and smoking might be related factors to thyroid nodule. Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodule in healthy people is high. The prevalence is significantly higher in females than in males. Age, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, may be the related factors to thyroid nodules. People with high education level were at higher risk.