Abstract: Objective To understand the awareness of AIDS related knowledge and sexual behaviors in students in the western and eastern areas of Yunnan province. Methods A survey was conducted among the students selected through multistage sampling in Baoshan and Qujing in June 2015 by using the questionnaire developed by Yunnan provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention to collect the information about their demographics, AIDS related knowledge awareness, risk behaviors and intervention service utilization. Database was established by using software EpiData 3.0, and software SPSS 19.0 was used to process and analyze data. Results A total of 800 students were surveyed in Baoshan and Qujing respectively, the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 61.88% in the students in Baoshan and 53.38% in the students in Qujing. The AIDS related knowledge awareness rate was significantly higher in high school/secondary technical school students in Baoshan (60.00%) than those in Qujing (47.00%)(2=10.637,P=0.001). Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that being college student (OR=1.402), surfing the internet (OR=1.608) and reading free publicity materials (OR=1.732) were the promoting factors for the awareness of AIDS. Meanwhile, being male (OR=0.715), receiving no health education about AIDS during past year (OR=0.582) were related with the low unawareness of AIDS. Age at the first sexual behaviors was older in students in Baoshanthan in students in Qujing (19.231.809,17.532.167,t=5.468, P0.01). The sexual behavior rate and condom use rate were 13.75% and 53.64% in students in Baoshan and 7.50% and 20.00% in students in Qujing. The sexual behavior rate was higher in college students in Baoshan than in college students in Qujing (23.04%, 12.77%, 2=8.554,P=0.003). AIDS intervention service utilization rate was higher in students in Baoshanthan in students in Qujing (61.38%, 56.25%, 2=4.337, P=0.037). The HIV detection rate was significantly higher in students with sexual behaviors in Baoshan than in those in Qujing (32.73%, 13.33%, 2=21.750, P0.001). Conclusion Although the eastern area is more developed than the western area in Yunnan, the health education about AIDS in students needs to be further strengthened and improved in this area.