新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰山地鼠疫疫源地的发现与证实

王信惠; 刘戈; 古丽阿依·包开西; 王宇萌; 贵有军; 王希江; 王效俊; 罗勇军; 王蒴; 雒涛; 尹小平; 王诚; 李伟; 李博

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202301280011

新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰山地鼠疫疫源地的发现与证实

Discovery and confirmation of Altay Mountain plague focus in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

摘要

摘要:
目的调查、证实新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）阿勒泰山地是否存在鼠疫自然疫源地。
方法 2021—2022年在阿勒泰山地（青河县、福海县、阿勒泰市）开展鼠疫疫源性调查，采用鼠疫细菌学、血清学、分子生物学对捕获和捡拾的啮齿类动物脏器、血清、心脏浸液、媒介寄生蚤进行实验室检验检测，鉴定分离鼠疫耶尔森菌株的生化表型。
结果鼠疫细菌学检验阿勒泰山地青河县、福海县和阿勒泰市捕获和捡拾的自毙啮齿动物合计115只，其中长尾黄鼠和灰旱獭为优势种，分别占总数的60.87%和20.87%，宿主寄生蚤9组136只，其中长尾黄鼠和灰旱獭寄生蚤的优势种分别为方形黄鼠蚤阿勒泰亚种和谢氏山蚤，分别占宿主寄生蚤的67.74%和100.00%。血清学检测血清样本86份、小型鼠心脏浸液21份、自毙啮齿动物脏器研磨液8份，荧光定量PCR方法检测自毙啮齿动物脏器组织提取核酸DNA 8份。 1份长尾黄鼠血清鼠疫F1抗体阳性［间接血凝试验（IHA）滴度为1∶128，酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）滴度为1∶256］。 1份自毙灰旱獭脏器研磨液鼠疫F1抗原阳性［反相间接血凝试验（RIHA）滴度为 1∶64，ELISA 滴度为1∶128］。 2份自毙长尾黄鼠脏器研磨液鼠疫F1抗原阳性（RIHA滴度分别为 1∶512和1∶1 024；ELISA 滴度分别为1∶2 048和1∶4 096）。 2份脏器组织鼠疫特异核酸阳性。分离到鼠疫耶尔森菌2株，生化鉴定为古典型，不具有酵解鼠李糖的特性。
结论新疆阿勒泰山地存在鼠疫自然疫源地，菌株生化鉴定为古典型。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate and confirm the existence of natural focus of plague in Altay Mountain of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Methods The plague focus investigation were carried out in Altay Mountain area, Qinghe, Fuhai, Altay, during 2021−2022. The experimental methods included bacteriological, serological, molecular biological identification assays in specimens (rodent organs, serum, heart infusion, vector parasitic fleas). In addition, biochemical type of Yersinia pestis isolates was identified.
Results A total of 115 rodents, including dead ones, and 136 vector parasitic fleas were captured in Altay Mountains area. In the rodents, the predominant species were C. undulates and Marmota baibacina, accounting for 60.87% and 20.87%, respectively. In the parasitic fleas, the predominant species were Citellophilus tesquorum altaicus and Oropsylla silantiewi, accounting for 67.74% and 100.00%, respectively. A total of 86 serum samples, 21 samples of heart infusion of small mouse, 8 samples of dead rodent organ grinding fluid were tested through bacteriological, immunological methods, and 8 DNA samples extracted from dead rodent organ tissues were detected by real-time PCR. One F1 antibody positive serum sample of C. undulates was detected, the titer of indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) was 1∶128 and the titer of ELISA was 1∶256. One positive sample of plague F1 antigen was detected in the grinding fluid of dead M. baibacina organ, the titer of reverse indirect hemagglutination assay (RIHA) was 1∶64, and titer of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 1∶128. Two positive samples of plague F1 antigen were detected in dead C. undulates organ grinding fluid, the titers of RIHA were 1∶512 and 1∶1 024; the titers of ELISA were 1∶2 048 and 1∶4 096 respectively. Plague special real-time PCR detected 2 positive samples in C. undulates organ tissues. Two strains of Y. pestis were isolated and corresponding biovars were identified as Antique type.
Conclusion A new plague focus was identified in the Altay Mountain area of Xinjiang and the biochemical types belonged to Antique.

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