2014－2021年浙江省岱山县居民死因监测分析

李琼燕; 林启; 朱夏燕

doi:10.3784/jbjc.202302210052

2014－2021年浙江省岱山县居民死因监测分析

Surveillance for death causes of registered residents in Daishan, Zhejiang, 2014−2021

摘要

摘要:
目的掌握2014—2021年浙江省岱山县居民死亡水平，分析死因顺位，为制定疾病综合防治对策、干预措施以及今后的疾病防治效果评价提供科学依据。
方法收集岱山县居民2014—2021年死因监测数据，统一采用《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类》进行编码，统计居民死亡率、标化死亡率、死因顺位和潜在减寿年数率（PYLLR）。率的比较采用χ²检验，趋势分析采用趋势χ²检验，检验水准α＝0.05。
结果 2014—2021年岱山县居民合计死亡12 968例，其中男性7 084例、女性5 884例，粗死亡率为894.27/10万，标化死亡率为416.15/10万，男性死亡率均高于女性（χ²=142.156，P<0.001）。 >45岁居民死亡率明显升高，至65岁达到高峰。死因构成居前5位的分别为恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒，占所有死因的88.06%。居民死因减寿居前5位的恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒、脑血管病、心脏病和呼吸系统疾病的PYLLR分别为23.93‰、8.39‰、3.63‰、3.12‰和1.11‰。不同年龄段死因顺位有差别。
结论恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病和伤害已成为岱山县居民死亡的主要原因，应加强健康生活方式宣传教育，针对不同性别、不同年龄层群体尽早进行针对性的健康干预，进一步完善疾病防控体系。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the death level in residents in Daishan county, Zhejiang province from 2014 to 2021, analyze the rank of causes of death and provide scientific evidence for the development of comprehensive disease prevention and treatment strategies or intervention measures and the evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of disease in the future.
Methods Death cause surveillance data in residents in Daishan from 2014 to 2021 were collected and coded by the “International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems”. The crude mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, death cause rank, and potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR) were calculated. The comparison of rates were conducted by χ² test and trend χ² test, and the test level was 0.05.
Results From 2014 to 2021, a total of 12 968 deaths occurred in residents in Daishan, including 7 084 deaths in men and 5 884 deaths in women, and the crude mortality rate was 894.27/100 000 and the standardized mortality rate was 416.15/100 000. The mortality rate was higher in men than in women (χ²=142.156, P<0.001). The mortality rate in residents aged ＞45 years increased significantly, reaching a peak at age of 65 years. The top five causes of death were malignant tumor, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory system disease, injury, and poisoning, with the deaths accounting for 88.06% of the total. The top five causes of life lost were malignant tumor, injury and poisoning, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease and respiratory system disease with the PYLLR of 23.93‰, 8.39‰, 3.63‰, 3.12‰ and 1.11‰, respectively. The rank of death causes varied in different age groups.
Conclusion Chronic and non-communicable diseases, such as malignant tumor, cardio/cerebrovascular diseases and injury, have become the main causes of death in Daishan. It is necessary to strengthen the health education about healthy lifestyles, conduct targeted health interventions in different populations and further improve disease prevention and control system.

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