Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in China and its spatial temporal clustering in five provinces of China in 2014.
Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted by using the incidence data of typhoid and paratyphoid collected from Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System in 2014. ArcGis 10.5 was used to show the geographic distribution of typhoid and paratyphoid cases. SaTScan statistics was used to identify spatial and temporal clustering areas of typhoid and paratyphoid in Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces.
Results A total of 13 768 typhoid and paratyphoid cases were reported without death in 2014, the overall incidence rate was 1.02/100 000, a decline of 1.92% compared with 2013. There were 10 460 typhoid cases (75.97%) and 3 308 paratyphoid cases (24.03%), a decline of 2.44% and 3.10% respectively compared with 2013. The peak of incidence was in summer (June-September), accounting for 46.23% of the annual cases. Most cases were farmers, followed by students and children outside child care settings. Spatial clustering analysis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in five provinces indicated the first and second class clustering areas were mainly distributed in bordering areas of these provinces.
Conclusion The incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid decreased with year in China, but the prevention and control of typhoid and paratyphoid should not be neglected in provinces with high incidence. Close attention should be paid to the increased incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid and related factors in non-surveillance areas. It is necessary to take targeted prevention and control measures according to the risk factors identified. The case clustering was obvious in some neighboring provinces, suggesting the possible transmission across the province border.
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