ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiology and etiological characteristics of severe cases of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Zhongshan of Guangdong province and provides evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD.
MethodsCase investigation and laboratory test were conducted for the severe cases of HFMD reported in Zhongshan from 2013 to 2017. Data analysis was done by using Excel 2007 and SPSS 13.0 softwares.
ResultsA total of 209 severe cases of HFMD were reported in Zhongshan, accounting for 0.25%（209/84 021） of total HFMD cases, with an annual average incidence of 1.31/100 000. The incidence peak was during March-July. The cases were mainly in 1–3 years old children outside child care settings, accounting for 73.68%（154/209）. The incidence in boys was higher than that in girls. All the 209 severe HFMD cases had skin rash, 95.22% of the cases had fever, and the main type of rash was herpes (71.29%). The time interval between onset and initial diagnosis was less than 3 days, accounting for 91.87% (192/209). Up to 63.64% of the cases (133/209) were correctly diagnosed with HFMD at the first visit. The differences in diagnostic accuracy of HFMD among hospitals at different levels were significant. The specimens of 203 severe HFMD cases were detected, the positive rate was 93.10% (189/203). The major pathogen was EV71 (58.13%), the detection peak time was during April-May.
ConclusionThe incidence of severe HFMD had obvious time, population and area specific characteristics in Zhongshan. The major pathogen was EV71. It is necessary to take comprehensive measures and increase the vaccination coverage of EV71 inactivated vaccine to reduce the incidence of severe cases of HFMD.
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