Objective To analyze the epidemiological trends and etiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2024, and to provide strategies and evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control measures.

Methods Data on other infectious diarrheal disease cases reported from 2016 to 2024 were collected. Excel 2007, Joinpoint 4.9.1.0, and Geoda 1.6 were used for data processing, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and regression analysis. Super Map 8c was employed for visualization.

Results A total of 232,995 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported from 2016 to 2024, including 4 fatal cases, the average annual reported incidence was 66.65 per 100,000 population. Joinpoint regression analysis showed no significant trend in the incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2024 (AAPC=−0.4%, 95% CI: −14.2%, 15.5%, P = 0.954). The cities with the highest number of reported cases were Xi'an, Ankang, and Baoji. The counties (districts) with the highest incidence rates were Yaozhou District of Tongchuan City in 2020 (477.17/100,000), Weiyang District of Xi'an City in 2017 (474.13/100,000), and Yaozhou District of Tongchuan City in 2021 (409.79/100,000). Incidence exhibited a seasonal unimodal pattern, with the peak concentrated from December to March based on seasonal index analysis. Cases were more common in males than females, with a sex ratio of 1.29:1 (131,361 males vs. 101,634 females). The majority of cases occurred in the 0−<5 years age group (177,441 cases, 76.16%), with the 1−<2 years subgroup accounting for the highest proportion within this age group (73,358 cases, 41.34%). Scattered children were the predominant occupational group (172,767 cases, 74.15%). Global spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed significant spatial clustering of incidence rates from 2016 to 2024 (P < 0.05). local indicators of spatial association (LISA) analysis identified 84 "High-High" clustering units, mainly concentrated in Baoji and Xi'an in the Guanzhong Plain, and Ankang in Southern Shaanxi. The pathogen detection rate showed a dynamic upward trend (average annual growth rate of 18.41%), with an average annual detection rate of 17.46%. The pathogen spectrum was dominated by viral infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus.

Conclusion From 2016 to 2024, other infectious diarrhea in Shaanxi Province was characterized by a high incidence in winter and spring, spatial aggregation in the central-southern regions, and a predominance of cases among scattered young children. Viral diarrhea, primarily caused by rotavirus and norovirus, constituted the vast majority of cases based on the pathogen spectrum. It is recommended to implement an integrated prevention and control strategy focusing on key areas such as the Baoji-Xi'an-Ankang cluster and key populations like scattered children aged 0−<5 years. This strategy should include vaccination, health education, and environmental disinfection to reduce the incidence rate.