Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea (OID) in Jinhua , Zhejiang province, from 2014 to 2024 and provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies.

Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the incidence data of OID obtained from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.

Results A total of 65 746 OID cases were reported in Jinhua from 2014 to 2024, with an average annual incidence rate of 97.99/100 000. Annual variations were observed in the frequency of OID incidence peak. From 2014 to 2020, 2 incidence peaks occurred in winter and summer annually except 2021; but the incidence peak spring was only observed during 2022−2023; and 2 peaks occurred in spring and winter in 2024. The county (district) with the highest average annual incidence rate of OID in Jinhua was Yongkang (243.30/100 000), with the cases accounting for one-third of the total. From 2014 to 2024, the incidence rate in Pan'an showed a decreasing trend (AAPC = −11.25%, P = 0.006), while the incidence rate in Lanxi, Yiwu and Dongyang exhibited increasing trends ( all P < 0.05). The average annual incidence rates in men and women were 107.45 and 87.64/100 000, respectively, with a sex ratio of 1.23∶1. The highest incidence rate was observed in age group 0-4 years (1 165.99/100 000), followed by age group 5−9 years (134.13/100 000). From 2014 to 2024, the incidence rates in all the age groups from 5 to <25 years showed increasing trends (all AAPC > 0, all P < 0.05), while the incidence rate in age groups 40 - <60 years and ≥65 years exhibited decreasing trends (all AAPC < 0, all P < 0.05). In terms of population distribution, the cases were mainly home-cared children, farmers, students, and children in child care settings, accounting for 52.44%, 19.15%, 10.54%, and 5.89%, respectively. The pathogens were mainly rotavirus, norovirus, and Salmonella, comprising 49.31%, 29.06%, and 14.94%, respectively.

Conclusion The incidence of OID in Jinhua during 2014 - 2024 was lower than the provincial average in Zhejiang. However, several counties (district) showed significantly higher incidence. Children should be prioritized as key populations for prevention and control of OID . Improved rotavirus vaccination and comprehensive prevention could effectively control the incidence of OID. Currently, the etiological surveillance results of OID are not fuully representative. Therefore, it is suggested to establish sentinel hospitals for diarrhea surveillance, report the percentage of outpatient/emergency diarrhea visits and conduct multi-pathogen testing of diarrhea specimens to improve the surveillance system.