2021—2024年北京市通州区流感样病例与病原的动态监测及趋势分析

Epidemiological and etiological surveillance for influenza-like illness in Tongzhou district, Beijing, 2021—2024

  • 摘要:
    目的 通过分析2021—2024年北京市通州区流感样病例(ILI)及病原学监测情况,为传染病疫情防控提供科学依据。
    方法 收集2021—2024年北京市医院传染病监测预警信息系统的ILI数据及病原学监测结果,用Excel 2021汇总数据并制作图表,使用R 4.4.2软件对通州区ILI的流行情况和病原学特征进行描述性分析,对ILI%与病原检测阳性率进行Pearson相关分析。
    结果 2021—2024年北京市通州区ILI病例数占门急诊病例就诊总数的比例(ILI%)曲线逐年升高,2023和2024年ILI%显著增高,呈现明显的多个波峰。不同年份流感病毒流行毒株不同,2021—2024年优势亚型呈现“BV→H3N2/H1N1→H3N2/BV→H1N1”的年度轮替特征,并检出已无乙型Yamagata毒株。ILI在不同年龄组分布不同,25~<60岁和5~<15岁年龄组构成了ILI主要人群,2023—2024年5~<15岁年龄组ILI病例数增长显著。通州区流行性感冒(流感)病毒阳性率在2021—2023年逐年上升,2024年明显下降;新型冠状病毒阳性率在2023—2024年出现下降。2021—2024年的流感病毒检测阳性率与ILI%始终正相关性(P<0.05)。
    结论 近年通州区ILI%曲线变化大,5~<15岁人群是防控重点。流感病毒对ILI%影响仍至关重要。ILI%曲线与病原阳性率不一致,或存在其他呼吸道病原流行,需密切关注ILI病原变化,积极开展呼吸道多病原监测。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Tongzhou district, Beijing, from 2021 to 2024, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
    Methods The epidemiological and etiological surveillance results of ILI in Tongzhou from 2021 to 2024 were collected from the infectious disease surveillance and early-warning information system of hospitals in Beijing. The data were processed by using Excel 2021. Descriptive analysis on the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of ILI was conducted by using software R 4.4.2. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the ILI percentage (ILI%) and the positive rate of pathogen detection.
    Results The proportion of ILI cases to the total number of outpatient and emergency cases increased year by year in Tongzhou from 2021 to 2024, especially during 2023 - 2024 with multiple distinct peaks. The circulating strains of influenza viruses varied in different years. From 2021 to 2024, the annual predominant subtypes included "B, A(H3N2)/A(H1N1), A(H3N2)/B and A(H1N1)", and no B Yamagata lineage strain was detected. The distribution of ILI cases varied in different age groups. The age groups 25~<60 years and 5~<15 years were the main populations affected by ILI. The number of ILI cases in age group 5~<15 years increased significantly from 2023 to 2024. The positive rate of influenza virus increased year by year from 2021 to 2023 and then decreased significantly in 2024. The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 declined during 2023 - 2024. The positive rate of influenza virus detection was consistently positively correlated with the ILI% from 2021 to 2024 (P<0.05).
    Conclusion In recent years, the ILI% changed significantly in Tongzhou, with children aged 5~<15 being the key population in influenza prevention and control. Influenza virus has crucial impact on ILI%. The inconsistency between the ILI% and the pathogen positive rate suggested the possible existence of other respiratory pathogens. It is essential to pay attention to the changes of ILI pathogens and conduct active surveillance for multi-pathogens causing respiratory tract infection.

     

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