Abstract: By reviewing the development of the laboratory surveillance network for bacterial infectious diseases in Gansu province, this paper elucidates the current state of its hierarchical laboratory surveillance and detection system, and discusses prevalent challenges such as insufficient pathogen coverage, significant disparities in isolation and cultivation capabilities, and data fragmentation. By proposing strategies to enhance awareness, address gaps, and strengthen capacity building, the study aims to support the establishment of a more effective laboratory surveillance system. These efforts are intended to improve the prevention and control of bacterial infectious diseases in the province, thereby contributing to enhanced early warning capabilities and a stronger public health response.