Objective To apply the entropy-weight TOPSIS method to systematically evaluate the quality of public-health emergency reporting in Tianjin, elucidate regional differences, and provide evidence for improving reporting quality.

Methods Data on public-health emergencies and related information reported by Tianjin’s districts from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2024 were extracted from the Public Health Emergency Management Information System. An evaluation system was constructed and comprehensive reporting quality was assessed using the entropy-weight TOPSIS method. Ranking stability was evaluated with leave-one-out analysis and sensitivity analysis. Results: Temporally, the reporting time decreased by an average of 2.5770 hours per year over six years. The proportion of unclassified events rose markedly in 2020 and 2022 and then declined. Entropy weighting identified the unclassified-event proportion as the key temporal indicator (weight 0.2217), and the relative closeness (C) in 2024 increased by 101.9648% versus 2019. Spatially, surveillance sensitivity had the highest weight (weight 0.2213); the Ring-city Four led in surveillance and information quality, while the Outer-suburban Six performed better in emergency response. leave-one-out showed that only dropping 2020 or 2023 produced a single adjacent one-rank swap. Sensitivity analysis showed that under ±20% perturbations only reporting timeliness in 2023 triggered one adjacent swap.

Conclusion The overall quality of public-health emergency reporting in Tianjin improved. The findings are not sensitive to small-sample years and the method is robust, providing evidence to strengthen surveillance and information quality and to optimize emergency response.