Objective To investigate the current status of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) stigma among the general population in Yunnan province, and to identify its influencing factors by incorporating sociodemographic and regional characteristics, so as to provide evidence for AIDS prevention and control.

Methods A multistage sampling approach was used to select five prefectures/cities. Within each prefecture/city, one county/district (where the prefectural/municipal government is located) and one remote suburban county were selected. Non-probability sampling was conducted via street intercepts to recruit participants. The Chinese version of the Zelaya’s AIDS-related stigma scale was used to assess stigma levels. Sociodemographic characteristics and regional indicators (e.g., local HIV prevalence) were collected. Statistical analysis were performed using R 4.2.3, employing a random intercept mixed-effects model to explore influencing factors.

Results A total of 17254 people were surveyed, with males accounting for 44.33% and those aged 19–＜36 comprising 39.89%. The mean score of personal stigma was 2.29 ± 0.72, and that of social stigma was 2.35 ± 0.73. Multilevel analysis revealed that males, age 19–＜36 years, and widowed status were associated with higher AIDS stigma scores. In contrast, civil servants, students, urban residence, local residence for ≥6 months, and higher educational attainment were associated with lower stigma scores.

Conclusion There exists a certain degree of AIDS stigma among the general population in Yunnan Province. It is recommended to conduct regular anti-stigma education and outreach through community health services targeting groups such as rural residents, individuals with low levels of education, and widowed persons. Society as a whole is urged to work together to foster an inclusive environment for people living with HIV.