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我国部分地区重点人群发热呼吸道感染发病就诊情况调查

Incidence of febrile respiratory infections and healthcare-seeking patterns of patients in key populations in selected areas, China

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 了解2023—2024年冬春季上海市浦东新区、湖北省宜昌市和新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区14岁及以下、60岁及以上发热呼吸道感染重点人群发病就诊情况及经济负担。
    方法 自设计问卷，于2024年采用随机抽样方法，对浦东新区、宜昌市和喀什地区符合要求的居民进行面对面访谈，收集调查对象基本信息、发病情况、就诊情况和费用等信息，采用描述性统计分析方法分析了发热呼吸道感染疾病的发病比例、就诊比例及费用情况。
    结果 共纳入2023—2024年冬春季浦东新区、宜昌市和喀什地区重点人群发热呼吸道感染重点人群3 619例，自报发病853例（23.57%，853/3 619）。浦东新区5岁以下（38.46%，270/702）和5～14岁（43.59%，119/273）人群年龄组发病比例高于60岁及以上（15.51%，47/303）人群，宜昌市5～14岁（33.33%，81/243）人群年龄组发病比例高于5岁以下（24.71%，169/684）年龄组人群，喀什地区各年龄组间发病比例差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。有症状人群中共就诊415例（48.65%，415/853），其中仅门急诊348例（40.80%，348/853），住院67例（7.85%，67/853）。浦东新区5岁以下年龄组就诊比例（35.19%，95/270）高于5～14（22.69%，27/119）和60岁及以上年龄组（12.77%，6/47），宜昌市和喀什地区不同年龄组间就诊比例差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。费用方面，自购药、门急诊和住院人群总费用的中位数（四分位数）分别为59 （30，100）、583 （200，1 222）、4 201（2 032，7 300）元。
    结论 2023—2024年冬春季浦东新区和宜昌市重点人群发热呼吸道感染发病比例、就诊比例及经济负担均高于喀什地区，提示不同地区重点人群发热呼吸道感染的疾病负担存在一定差异。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To understand the incidence of febrile respiratory infection, healthcare-seeking pattern of patients, and economic burdens in populations aged <14 years and ≥60 years in Pudong of Shanghai Municipality, Yichang of Hubei Province,and Kashgar of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in winter and spring during 2023-2024.
    Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used in 2024 in the face-to-face interviews of eligible residents selected by random sampling in Pudong, Yichang and Kashgar to collect the information about their basic characteristics, febrile respiratory infection, health care seeking patterns and treatment expenditures, and the incidence rate of febrile respiratory infection, hospital visiting rate and cost were analyzed with descriptive analysis methods.
    Results A total of 3 619 cases of febrile respiratory infections in key populations in Pudong, Yichang and Kashgar were investigated in winter and spring during 2023-2024, including 853 self-reported cases (23.57%).. The proportions of the cases were higher in age group < 5 years (38.46%, 270/702) and 5～14 years (43.59%, 119/273) than in age group >60 years (15.51%, 47/303) in Pudong, higher in age group 5～14 years (33.33 %, 81/243) than in age group <5 years (24.71%, 169/684) in Yichang, and there were no significant differences in this proportion of the cases among different age groups in Kashgar (P >0.05). A total of 415 (48.65%, 415/853) patients visited hospitals , in whom 348 (40.80%, 348/853) were outpatients and 67 (7.85%, 67/853) were hospitalized. The proportion of the cases seeking health care was higher in age group <5 years (35.19%, 95/270) than in age groups 5-14 years (22.69%, 27/119) and over 60 years (12.77%, 6/47) in Pudong, and there were no significant differences (P＞0.05）in this proportions among different age groups in Yichang and Kashgar. In terms of expenses, the median (quartiles) total costs for the self-purchased drug, outpatient emergency and inpatient populations were CNY 59 (30, 100), CNY 583 (200, 1 222), and CNY 4201 (2 032, 7 300), respectively.
    Conclusion  In winter and spring during 2023-2024, the incidence rate of febrile respiratory tract infection, hospital visiting rate and related economic burden in key populations were all higher in Pudong and Yichang than in Kashgar, suggesting that there are certain differences in the disease burden of febrile respiratory tract infections in key populations among different areas.

     

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