高级检索

2022—2024年呼吸道感染儿童肺炎支原体流行病学变化特征：一项单中心回顾性研究

Epidemiological changes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with respiratory tract infections from 2022 to 2024: A single-center retrospective study

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析2022年1月—2024年12月苏州地区呼吸道感染住院患儿肺炎支原体（MP）感染的流行病学特征变化，为儿童MP感染的临床防治和公共卫生干预提供依据。
    方法 采用回顾性研究方法，选取苏州大学附属儿童医院内科病房收治的35,712例呼吸道感染住院患儿。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）结合毛细管电泳法检测咽拭子标本中的MP核酸。比较不同年份、性别、年龄组（0～1岁、1～3岁、3～6岁、>6岁）、月份及感染类型（单一MP感染、混合感染）的MP阳性检出率。
    结果 共检出MP阳性患儿9 406例，总检出率为26.34%。其中单一MP感染占61.85%（5 816/9 406），混合感染占38.15%（3 590/9 406）。年度检出率差异显著（χ2=1909.237, P < 0.001）：2022年为10.37%（732/7 062），2023年显著升高至37.80%（5 125/13 557），2024年为23.51%（3 549/15 093）。女性患儿检出率（27.17%，4 259/15 674）略高于男性（25.69%， 5 147/20 038），差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 10.012, P = 0.002），且2023年女性检出率最高（38.19%）。检出率随年龄增长显著升高（χ2 = 2425.512, P < 0.001）：0～1岁组12.51%（801/6 405），1～3岁组16.76%（1 417/8 456），3～6岁组26.08%（2 536/9 724），>6岁组41.81%（4 652/11 127）；2023年>6岁组检出率高达49.05%。月度检出率差异显著（χ2 = 892.329, P < 0.001），流行高峰模式变化明显：2022年仅12月>20.00%（22.28%）；2023年1月及5-12月持续高发（21.15%～54.04%）；2024年1月及4-9月高发（22.62%～34.87%）。无论单一或混合感染，2023年阳性率均高于其他年份（P < 0.005）。混合感染中，MP合并人鼻病毒（HRV）感染最常见（59.97%）。
    结论 2022年初至2024年底苏州地区住院儿童呼吸道MP感染总检出率为26.34%，其中2023年出现异常高峰。显现的流行病学特征为：检出率随年龄增长而升高，>6岁学龄期儿童风险最高；女性略高于男性；流行季节模式发生显著变化，由2022年的冬季单峰转变为2023-2024年的春夏季（4/5月起）至冬季的长时间流行，其中2023年夏季高峰尤为突出。提示在夏秋季，需重点关注学龄期儿童，尤其是校园环境中MP感染的防控。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the changing epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection among hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in Suzhou from January 2022 to December 2024, providing evidence for clinical management and public health interventions.
    Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 35,712 children hospitalized with respiratory infections in the Department of Internal Medicine at Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital. The MP nucleic acid in throat swab specimens was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis . MP positivity rates were compared across years , sex, age groups (0–1, 1–3, 3–6, >6 years), months, and infection types (single MP infection vs. co-infection).
    Results : Among 9,406 MP-positive cases (26.34% positivity rate), single MP infections accounted for 61.85% (5,816/9,406) and co-infections for 38.15% (3,590/9,406). Annual positivity rates differed significantly (χ2 = 1909.237, P<0.001): 10.37% (732/7,062) in 2022, 37.80% (5,125/13,557) in 2023, and 23.51% (3,549/15,093) in 2024. Females had a higher positivity rate (27.17%, 4,259/15,674) than males (25.69%, 5,147/20,038; χ2=10.012, P=0.002), peaking in females in 2023 (38.19%). Positivity increased significantly with age (χ2=2425.512, P < 0.001): 12.51% (0–1y), 16.76% (1–3y), 26.08% (3–6y), and 41.81% (>6y). The >6y group reached 49.05% positivity in 2023. Monthly variations were significant (χ2 = 892.329, P < 0.001), with shifting seasonal peaks: only December 2022 >20% (22.28%); January & May–December 2023 (21.15%–54.04%); January & April–September 2024 (22.62%–34.87%). Both single and co-infections showed higher rates in 2023 (P<0.005). The most common co-infection was MP with human rhinovirus (HRV; 59.97%).
    Conclusion The overall MP positivity rate was 26.34% during 2022–2024, with an anomalous peak in 2023. Epidemiological shifts include: higher positivity in older children (>6y), slightly higher rates in females, and a transition from winter peaks (2022) to extended spring/summer–autumn/winter epidemics (2023–2024), featuring a prominent summer peak in 2023. These findings underscore the need for enhanced school-based MP infection control, particularly during summer-autumn periods.

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(25)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回

在线交流