Abstract: Viral gastroenteritis is a highly prevalent acute infectious disease among infants and young children, mainly caused by rotavirus, norovirus, and other pathogens. It is characterized by rapid transmission and high susceptibility to outbreaks. Due to immature immune and digestive systems, infants and young children are at high risk of infection, often presenting with vomiting, diarrhea, and fever; severe cases may lead to dehydration, multiple organ dysfunction, and even death. Medical and health institutions are the core venues for the prevention, control, and treatment of this disease. However, the concentration of sick children and complex environment in these institutions may increase the risk of infection if preventive and control measures are not properly implemented. At present, there are still many challenges, such as rapid pathogen variation, insufficient testing capacity at the primary level, low vaccination rate of rotavirus vaccine, and incomplete monitoring data. Integrating the latest domestic and international research, this consensus summarizes the etiological characteristics, health economic burden, and existing problems in prevention and control of the disease. It proposes the core strategy of “preventing infection and severe cases, and controlling outbreaks,” including measures such as standardizing the isolation of infectious sources, strengthening hand hygiene and environmental disinfection, improving the coverage rate of rotavirus vaccination, enhancing health education, and establishing a hierarchical early warning mechanism. It provides standardized guidance for medical and health institutions at all levels, helping to improve primary health services, reduce the disease burden, and enhance children's health.