Objective  To understand the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Jizhou District of Tianjin, and provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention and control measures.

Method  Data on brucellosis in Jizhou District of Tianjin from 2004 to 2024 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, joinpoint regression was applied to analyze the annual percentage change (APC) in reported incidence rate, the global spatial autocorrelation analysis method was employed to conduct spatial clustering analysis.

Results  A total of 296 brucellosis cases were reported in Jizhou District of Tianjin from 2004 to 2024, with an annual reported incidence rate of 1.66 per 100000 population, the reported incidence rate showed a significant overall upward trend (AAPC=33.82%). Cases were reported in all 26 towns and townships of the district, showing a scattered spatial distribution. The peak incidence period was from March to August. The male-to-female ratio was 2.65∶1 (χ²=23.718, P<0.0001), middle-aged people (45−59 years old) accounted for the largest number of cases (47.64% of the total), and farmers were the main occupation group (78.82% of the total). During the study period, there were no statistically significant differences in the changes of gender, age group and occupational composition.The median intervals from onset to diagnosis of reported brucellosis cases were 299 days and 165 days in 2014−2015 and 2022−2024, respectively, with a statistically significant difference. Stratified analysis by different time intervals also showed a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion  The intensity of human brucellosis epidemic in Jizhou District of Tianjin has increased year by year. Animal husbandry departments should strengthen brucellosis screening in animals, cull infected livestock, improve the animal vaccination rate and enhance quarantine and isolation of newly introduced animals. Livestock breeding should transform from free-range breeding to large-scale breeding, and self-protection behaviors of high-risk groups should be standardized.Improving residents' awareness of brucellosis and the monitoring sensitivity of medical institutions is an important measure to reduce the direct and indirect economic burdens caused by brucellosis.