Objective  To assess the risk of public health emergencies that may occur or be imported from abroad in China (except Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan region, the same below) in September 2025.

Methods  Based on the reports of domestic and foreign public health emergencies and surveillance results of key infectious diseases or notifications from relative agencies and departments, the expert consultation conference was hold and experts from provincial (autonomous region and municipal) centers for disease control and prevention attended this conference through video terminal.

Results  It is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies in September 2025 would be higher than that in August 2025. The main public health emergencies would be infectious diseases. The risk of imported chikungunya cases from abroad and the spillover risk from existing epidemic areas will persist, with the risk of imported cases leading to local secondary transmission in Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ areas. The risk of imported dengue fever cases and cross-regional spread is on the rise, and local cases will increase. Class I provinces and some Class Ⅱ provinces such as Hunan and Jiangxi face a higher risk of cluster outbreaks, with the possibility of localized outbreaks. Sporadic cases of cholera are still expected in September. In the short term, the mpox outbreak caused by the sublineage Ⅱb in China is expected to remain at a low-level transmission among key populations, and there is a continuing risk of importation and secondary transmission of the mpox sublineage Ib epidemic. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic will continue to show a downward or fluctuating downward trend.

Conclusion  Attention should be paid to chikungunya fever, dengue fever, cholera, COVID-19, mpox.