Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Yichang city, Hubei province from 2017 to 2024.

Methods Case datas were collected from rotavirus testing conducted by medical institutions in Yichang city from 2017 to 2024, and were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.

Results A total of 35123 cases were tested for rotavirus in Yichang city during 2017−2024, and 4476 positive cases were identified. The overall positive rate was 12.74%, showing a higher rate among hospitalized patients (15.12%) compared to outpatients (11.67%). The overall positive detection rate showed a decreasing trend over time annual percent change(APC)=−17.17%, 95%CI: −25.05%–−8.46%, t=−4.610, P<0.05. Most cases (90.01%, 4029/4476) occurred in children aged 5 years and under, with the highest positive rate observed in the children aged 2 year group (19.72%). The positive rate in the 1-year group decreased most significantly over time (APC=−20.66%, 95%CI: −29.46%–−10.75%, t=−4.810, P<0.05), while the median age of onset showed a delayed shift. Rotavirus gastroenteritis in Yichang city peaks during winter-spring (from December to April of the following year) and has been shifting its peak month from January to March over the years, with incidence decreased.

Conclusion Yichang city's rotavirus gastroenteritis demonstrates distinct seasonality, showing higher incidence in winter-spring. The disease peak shifts later annually, indicating a declining incidence. Higher prevalence is observed in children under 3 years old, with the peak age showing a trend of delayed occurrence. It is suggested to strengthen monitoring and further evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines on the population. In combination with epidemiological characteristics, health education for key groups should be strengthened in high-incidence months. It is recommended to vaccinate children in time with rotavirus vaccine to reduce the risk of infection.