Objective  To assess the risk of public health emergencies that may occur or be imported from abroad in China (Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan region have not been assessed yet, the same applies below) in December 2025.

Methods  Based on the reports of domestic and foreign public health emergencies and surveillance results of key infectious diseases or notifications from relative agencies and departments, the expert consultation conference was hold and experts from provincial (autonomous region and municipal) centers for disease control and prevention attended this conference through video terminal.

Results  It is predicted that the incidence of public health emergencies in December 2025 may increasing or approaching compared with November 2025. The main public health emergencies would be infectious diseases. It is still in the high incidence season for respiratory infectious diseases, with influenza virus as the main detected pathogen. The influenza epidemic is at a high level. The number of influenza outbreaks has significantly increased, with the A (H3N2) subtype being the dominant strain. It is expected that the epidemic will remain at a high level in December. In December, norovirus enteritis outbreaks were expected to continue showing a slight increase, and crowded settings such as schools and kindergartens were identified as high-incidence areas for norovirus enteritis epidemics. In the short term, the risk of imported mpox sublineage Ib outbreak from abroad and local secondary transmission in China will persist, while the mpox sublineage IIb is expected to remain at a low-level transmission among key population. The risk of sporadic outbreaks of human infection with novel influenza subtypes persists. The risk of Rift Valley fever outbreak in Senegal and Mauritania entering China is low. The risk of importing Marburg virus disease from Ethiopia into China is low. Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning has entered a high-incidence period, especially in northern China, where the weather is cold and improper heating methods can easily lead to poisoning.

Conclusion  Attention should be paid to influenza, multiple acute respiratory infectious diseases, norovirus enteritis, mpox, human infection with novel influenza subtypes, Rift Valley fever, Marburg virus disease and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning.