Abstract: In January 2026, a total of 69 infectious diseases were reported globally, affecting 236 countries and regions. Except for influenza, the top five infectious diseases affecting greatest number of countries and regions were coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (236), mpox (143), dengue fever (38), measles (24) and cholera (19). The top five infectious diseases with highest case fatality rates were Marburg virus disease (64.30%), Nipah virus disease (33.30%), Lassa fever (18.30%), yellow fever (11.10%) and Rift valley fever (7.50%). The prevalent infectious diseases in Africa were cholera, Lassa fever, poliomyelitis, Marburg virus disease, mpox, Rift valley fever and dengue fever, the prevalent infectious diseases in Asia were dengue fever, mpox, Nipah virus disease and poliomyelitis, the prevalent infectious diseases in America were yellow fever, COVID-19, dengue fever, chikungunya virus disease and mpox, the prevalent infectious disease in Europe were COVID-19, mpox, norovirus-associated acute gastroenteritis and measles.