Abstract: In April 2026, a total of 74 infectious diseases were reported globally, affecting 124 countries and territories. Except for influenza, the top five infectious diseases affecting greatest number of countries and territories were mpox (71), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (63), dengue fever (32), measles (28) and pertussis (18). The top five infectious diseases with highest case fatality rates were human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) (48.00%), yellow fever (35.90%), hantavirus infection (27.30%), Lassa fever (24.80%) and meningitis (5.00%). The prevalent infectious diseases in Africa were cholera, Lassa fever, poliomyelitis, mpox, meningitis, malaria and measles, the prevalent infectious diseases in Asia were cholera, poliomyelitis, dengue fever, mpox and measles, the prevalent infectious diseases in America were yellow fever, COVID-19, dengue fever, chikungunya virus disease, mpox, hantavirus infection and measles, the prevalent infectious disease in Europe were COVID-19, mpox, measles and norovirus acute gastroenteritis.