Abstract: Objective: To understand the species composition, temporal changes, and pathogen carriage of rodents in Hefei City, Anhui Province, 2017−2024, and to provide a scientific basis for rodent control and risk assessment of rodent-borne diseases. Methods: Data from national monitoring points for rodents in Hefei from 2017 to 2024 were collected and analyzed to determine the species composition of rodents. The χ² test was used to compare rodent density and seasonal fluctuations across habitats and species. Pathogen detection and analysis were performed on captured rodents. Results: A total of 160 rodents were captured from 2017 to 2024, with an average rodent density of 0.21%. The composition ratios of Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi, and Apodemus agrarius were 42.50%, 42.50%, 12.50%, and 2.50%, respectively. The dominant rodent species were house mice and brown house mice. There was a statistically significant difference in average rodent density among different years (χ²=39.710, P<0.01). The average rodent densities in urban residential areas, key industries, rural residential areas, and farmland/forest areas were 0.14%, 0.38%, 0.21%, and 0.02%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the composition of rodent species among different habitats (P<0.01). The seasonal fluctuation of rodent density generally showed a unimodal pattern, with a peak in May (0.31%). There were statistically significant differences in the seasonal fluctuation trends of rodent density among different habitats (F=15.800, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the seasonal fluctuation trends of rodent density among different rodent species (F=15.915, P<0.05). Hantavirus was detected in 10 rodent samples, with a positive rate of 1.22%. Positive samples were identified in Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius. Conclusion: The rodent density in Hefei remained at a low level and showed an upward trend from 2017 to 2024. Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus were the dominant species, and hantavirus was the main pathogen detected. Continuous monitoring of rodents and their pathogens should be conducted to assess the risk of rodent-borne diseases and implement integrated control strategies.