Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies that may occur domestically or be imported from abroad in China (excluding the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and the Taiwan region, the same below) in August 2026.

Methods Based on the reports of domestic and foreign public health emergencies, surveillance results of key infectious diseases, and notifications from relevant agencies and departments, an expert consultation conference was held, with experts from provincial (autonomous region and municipal) centers for disease control and prevention participating via video conference.

Results The risk of imported dengue and chikungunya persists. Furthermore, regions with inadequate vector control face a heightened risk of localized and clustered outbreaks. A risk-stratified response is essential to effectively reduce vector density and enhance diagnostic alertness among healthcare professionals, thereby preventing the risk of large-scale epidemics. The risk that the Bundibugyo Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo will be imported into China and cause secondary transmission remains low. However, it is necessary to maintain health surveillance for travelers arriving in or returning to China from affected countries and regions, and to maintain preparedness for outbreak response. The risk of imported Zika virus disease remains high. Therefore, integrated prevention and control measures for multiple mosquito-borne diseases are recommended. In addition, pregnant women and those planning a pregnancy should avoid traveling to affected areas. The risk of imported mpox and subsequent local transmission persists. It is essential to strengthen epidemiological investigations, cross-regional coordination, and joint prevention and control mechanisms. Sporadic cases of human infection with novel influenza A viruses may occur. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen multi-sectoral joint investigations and control measures, as well as population-level risk assessments. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) remains in its epidemic season. It is essential to strengthen health education, enhance public awareness of prevention and infection control, and optimize case management to minimize exposure risks and the potential for clustered outbreaks. Food poisoning is currently at a seasonal peak, necessitating reinforced food safety regulations and targeted health communication. During the flood and typhoon seasons, it is imperative to prioritize the mitigation of public health risks associated with flood disasters.

Conclusion Primary attention should be directed toward dengue and chikungunya, with general attention given to EVD, Zika virus disease, mpox, human infection with novel influenza A viruses, SFTS, food poisoning, and flood disasters, and risk prevention measures should be effectively implemented.