Objective To assess the risk of public health emergencies that may occur or be imported from abroad in China (except Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan region, the same below) in September 2026.

Methods Based on the reports of domestic and foreign public health emergencies and surveillance results of key infectious diseases or notifications from relevant agencies and departments, an expert consultation conference was held and experts from provincial (autonomous region and municipal) centers for disease control and prevention attended this conference via video conference.

Results The risk of dengue fever and chikungunya fever being imported from abroad persists. The risk of local outbreaks and cluster outbreaks occurring in areas with weak mosquito vector control remains high. Various high-risk areas should effectively reduce mosquito density, enhance the diagnostic awareness of medical personnel, and strictly prevent the occurrence of large-scale outbreaks. The risk of importation of the Bundibugyo Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo into China and subsequent transmission is low. It is necessary to continue to make preparations for health monitoring and epidemic response of people from countries and regions at risk of epidemic in China and returning to China. The risk of importation of Zika virus disease is still high, and mosquito borne infectious disease prevention needs to be carried out. The mpox outbreak continues to pose a risk of imported and locally transmitted secondary cases. It is essential to strengthen epidemiological investigation, collaborative case tracing, and joint prevention and control efforts. Sporadic cases of human infection with novel influenza A viruses remain possible, and it is essential to continue strengthening multisectoral joint investigation and control, along with population risk assessment. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is still in its epidemic season. Public awareness of prevention and infection control should be enhanced to reduce exposure opportunities and the risk of clustered outbreaks. At present, cholera is a high incidence season. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of cholera cases and pathogen detection, strengthen health, and enhance the awareness of disease prevention and treatment through education. The number of malaria cases remains higher than that in the same period last year. We need to be vigilant against the risk of import and transmission in border areas and strengthen joint prevention and control.

Conclusion Attention should be paid to dengue, chikungunya, EVD, Zika virus disease, mpox, human infection with novel influenza A viruses, SFTS, cholera and malaria, and risk prevention measures should be effectively implemented.