Abstract: Objective To investigate the infection status of hepatitis B virus in residents in Chaoyang district, Beijing. Methods Residents who were aged 1-70 years and had lived in Chaoyang for more than 6 months were selected with a multistage stratified cluster random sampling. Questionnaire survey was conducted among them, meanwhile a blood sample (3-5 ml) was collected from each subject for the detections of HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb. Results A total of 13 229 residents were surveyed. The positive rate of HBsAg was 2.68% (354/13 229), the standardized rate was 2.37%. The positive rate of HBsAb was 47.05% (6 230/13 229). The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb were lower in the local residents (2.20%, 44.54%) than in the migrant residents (3.51%, 51.51%).The positive rate of HBsAb in village residents (44.91%) was lower than in city residents (48.91%). The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb were higher in males (3.15%, 48.85%) than in females (2.36%, 45.93%). The positive rate of HBsAg increased with age, but the positive rate of HBsAb declined with age. The hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 98.13% in age group 15 years and 38.66% in age group ＞15 years. Conclusion In Chaoyang, the positive rate of HBsAg was low in adults aged 35 years, but the HBsAg positive rate was high and the hepatitis B vaccination rate was low in adults age 35-45 years, suggesting that it is necessary to strengthen the hepatitis B prevention and control in adults age 35-45 years in Chaoyang.