Disease Surveillance

Life expectancy and mortality rates of major chronic disease in demonstration area of Tianjin, 2008–2018

Shuang Zhang, Hui Zhang, Chengfeng Shen, Chong Wang, Kun Sun, Zhuo Wang, Guide Song, Dezheng Wang, Guohong Jiang

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.009

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Abstract:
ObjectiveTo analyze the life expectancy and mortality rates of major chronic diseases in demonstration area of Tianjin from 2008 to 2018, and evaluate the effects of the establishment of demonstration area for chronic disease prevention and control.MethodsBased on the data of all-cause deaths of the whole population in Tianjin, we compared the life expectancy and mortality rates of all-cause deaths and major chronic diseases (cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, diabetes and chronic lower respiratory tract diseases) in residents in demonstration area, non-demonstration area and whole city of Tianjin. The population data were from Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau. The crude mortality rates, standardized mortality rate, life expectancy and annual percentage change were analyzed.ResultsThe people’s life expectancy increased from 81.48 years in 2008 to 82.38 years in 2018 in demonstration area (APC=0.19, P<0.05), and the annual people’s life expectancy was all higher in demonstration area than in non-demonstration area. The crude mortality rates of all-cause deaths showed no change trend in demonstration area, but showed upward trends in both non-demonstration area and whole city. The standardized mortality rates of all-cause deaths showed no change trend in demonstration area, non-demonstration area and whole city after adjustment for standardized population constituent. The crude and standardized mortality rates of acute myocardial infarction, chronic lower respiratory diseases and liver cancer showed more decreases in demonstration area compared with non-demonstration area. The mortality rates of breast cancer in females and diabetes in males showed less increases in demonstration area than in non-demonstration area and whole city. The mortality rate of colorectal cancer showed more increase in demonstration area than in non-demonstration area and whole city.ConclusionThe establishment of chronic disease prevention and control demonstration area in Tianjin had shown effects. Each demonstration area explored their new models constantly for the prevention and control of chronic diseases, which would benefit the improvement of the prevention, control and management of chronic diseases in Tianjin.

Disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Jiangsu province, 1990–2017

Hao Yu, Ming Wu, Pengfei Luo, Renqiang Han, Jinyi Zhou

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.006

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ObjectiveTo analyze the disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of Jiangsu province from 1990 to 2017, and quantify the attributable risk factors.MethodsThe estimation for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 was used to analyze the change trend of the prevalence rate, mortality rate, disability adjusted life years (DALY) and the premature mortality rate of COPD in residents in Jiangsu, during 1990 -2017. Population attributable fractions (PAF) was used to estimate the proportion of different risk factors in causing burden of disease.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2017, the standardized prevalence rate, standardized mortality rate, standardized DALY rate and premature mortality rate of COPD in Jiangsu showed significant downward trend (P＜0.001),but the standardized prevalence rate in female showed no decrease trend (P＝0.157). After 40 years old, the DALY rate increased rapidly with age. The proportion of years lived with disability in DALY increased in recent years. Smoking had become the first cause of COPD disease burden, the PAF was 40.70%.ConclusionThe disease burden of COPD is decreasing in Jiangsu. However, the situation is still challenging. It is necessary to pay close attention to middle-aged and elderly people and women, take tobacco control as the key prevention and control measure and strengthen the prevention of disability caused by COPD.

Investigation on tetanus antibody in healthy people in Jinjiang, 2019

Tiancong Zhuang, Huajie Zhang, Zhe Li, Xinjun Lyu, Chuanlin Wang, Xiao Ma, Chuanyu Pan

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.014

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ObjectiveTo determine tetanus antibody (TAB) levels of healthy population in Jinjiang city during 2019.MethodsWe collected the sera sample of healthy population at different age in 2019 by stratified random sampling, and detected TAB levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe overall TAB positive rate among the 775 subjects was39.2% (304/775), and TAB positive rate of each age group was 71.9% (87/121, aged 8–20 years), 53.6% (82/153, aged 21–30 years), 39.3%(57/145, aged 31–40 years), 25.2% (38/151, aged 41–50 years), 16.2%(17/105, aged 51–60 years), and 23.0% (23/100, over 61 years old), respectively. TAB positive rate was 70.7% (164/232) in subjects who had been immunized with tetanus toxoid containing vaccines (TTCV) in the past years, while 25.8% (140/543) in subjects without or with uncertain TTCV immunization history. For TAB negative population, there was statistically significant difference in age groups distribution between tetanus high-risk industries and tetanus low-risk industries ( χ²=62.185, P<0.000). People aged 41–50 years in tetanus high-risk industries accounted for 46.79%.ConclusionThe overall TAB positive rate in healthy population decreased significantly with aging. More attentions should be paid in TTCV enhanced immunization works.

Screening and identification of epitopes of Nfa34810 protein of Nocardia farcinica

Han Song, Zhenjun Li, Xingzhao Ji, Lina Sun, Shuai Xu, Lichao Han, Ningwei Zheng, Yongliang Lou

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.018

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ObjectiveTo prepare monoclonal antibodies against Nfa34810 protein of Nocardia farcinica IFM10152 and screen and identify the B cell epitopes.MethodsFirst, Nfa34810 protein was truncated into P1 and P2 with 20 amino acids overlapping with each other. P1 and P2 were detected to initially map the epitope region by Western Blot using recombinant Nfa34810 protein rabbit polyclonal antibody serum and the mouse polyclonal antibody against N. farcinica IFM10152. Then the P2 where the epitope was located was purified, and BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified P2 and Nfa34810 protein respectively to prepare monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies were identified by Western Blot. Nfa34810 was gradually truncated and expressed and the series of proteins were screened and identified by Western Blot to determine the B cell epitopes of Nfa34810 protein using the prepared monoclonal antibodies by peptide scanning.ResultsThe monoclonal antibodies of Nfa34810 were prepared and they could react with truncated protein P2 and full-length Nfa34810 protein. One epitope and two epitope regions were successfully screened by peptide scanning.ConclusionIn this study, the monoclonal antibodies of Nfa34810 protein was successfully prepared and the B cell epitopes were mapped. This study laid a foundation for pathogen detection and epidemiological research of N. farcinica.

Comprehensive evaluation of quality of communicable disease information reporting in Tianjin based on improved TOPSIS method

Na Xu, Changna Liu, Weidong Xia, Hong Chen, Jun Liu

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.020

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ObjectiveTo comprehensively evaluate the quality of the communicable disease information reporting in Tianjin in 2018.MethodsInstitutional network operation, communicable disease reporting rate, card reporting timeliness, card review timeliness, card duplication reporting and completeness the patient's identity information in each district of Tianjin were analyzed by using an improved TOPSIS method.ResultsThe results of the comprehensive evaluation by using the improved TOPSIS method showed that the top three districts with high reporting quality were Hedong, Xiqing and Hongqiao, and the last three districts with low reporting quality were Hexi, Dongli and Jinghai. The comprehensive evaluation results indicated the quality of the reporting of each district, and the ranking of the reporting quality reflected actual situation.ConclusionComprehensively and scientifically evaluation of the quality of communicable disease information reporting in each district in Tianjin was conducted based on the indicators of the reporting quality in communicable disease reporting information system and in field investigation report of medical institution, and the related evaluation system and method provided a novel model for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of communicable disease information reporting in China or in other provinces.

Surveillance for death causes in residents in Sichuan, 2014–2018

Jing Zeng, Ying Deng, Kui Ji, Xinyin Xu, Xin Zhang

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.010

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ObjectiveTo understand the death level and death cause rank in residents in Sichuan province from 2014 to 2018 and provide evidence for the further prevention and control of diseases.MethodsThe death data in 31 national cause-of-death surveillance areas in Sichuan from 2014 to 2018 were obtained from “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System- Death Reporting Information System”. International Classification of Diseases 10^th Edition (ICD-10) was used for death data coding. Age specific and standardized mortality rates were calculated with software SAS9.4.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2018, the mortality rates in residents in Sichuan were 677.93/100 000, 694.56/100 000, 702.67/100 000, 705.29/100 000 and 703.41/100 000, respectively, and the standardized mortality rates were 555.26/100 000, 562.55/100 000, 529.57/100 000, 531.39/100 000, and 502.10 / 100 000, showing a downward trend. The top 3 death causes were cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors and respiratory diseases. The top 3 death causes of cardiovascular diseases were cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, hypertension heart disease and/or kidney disease. The standardized mortality rate of cerebrovascular disease showed a downward trend, and the mortality rate of ischemic heart disease showed an upward trend. The top 3 death causes of malignant tumors were lung cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer, their mortality rates showed downward trends, but the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer showed an upward trend. The main death causes of respiratory diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lower respiratory tract infections, but the standardized mortality rate of COPD showed a downward trend.ConclusionIn Sichuan, the mortality rate of ischemic heart disease increased significantly, although the mortality rate of COPD declined, it was higher than the national average and ranked ahead, and the mortality rate of malignant tumors decreased, but it was higher than the national average. The mortality rate of pancreatic cancer showed an upward trend, to which close attention should be paid.

Distribution characteristics of capsule locus of Neisseria meningitidis clonal complex 4821 in China

Pan Zhao, Bingqing Zhu, Aiyu Zhang, Li Xu, Yuan Gao, Jianxing Yu, Zhujun Shao

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.011

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ObjectiveTo understand the distribution of capsule locus of Neisseria meningitidis clonal complex 4821 in China and provide evidence for the research of spread of meningococcal disease.MethodsSoftware Artemis, MEGA 6, SimPlot and RDP were used to analyze the whole genome sequence of 41 N. meningitidis strains, the sequence divergence of the capsule locus, sequence recombination and genomic rearrangement were studied.ResultsThe ACE regions are highly divergent and likely involved in recombination events. The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of region D and D′ showed significant divergence. Finally, this study identified a genomic rearrangement in cps.ConclusionAltogether, this analysis showed that the capsular locus was evolutionary unstable which might be due to recombination events that could lead to capsule switching and have consequences in terms of pathogenesis.

Mortality and years of life lost caused by major kidney diseases in Jiangsu province, 2010–2018

Pengfei Luo, Hao Yu, Renqiang Han, Jinyi Zhou, Ming Wu

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.008

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ObjectiveTo determine mortality and years of life lost (YLL) of major kidney diseases as well as its trends between 2010 and 2018 in Jiangsu province, and to provide scientific basis for its prevention and control in the future.MethodsDeath cases among the residents who registered in Jiangsu province between 2010 and 2018 were all collected from the National Death Monitoring System, and related annual population numbers were obtained from local Public Security Department. Mortality, YLL rate, average YLL, age-standardized rate and its annual percentage change (APC) were all calculated to evaluate the level of disease burden.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2018, case numbers of death caused by major kidney diseases in the whole population, males and females of Jiangsu province were 41 819, 23 969 and 17 850, respectively, mortalities in 2010 and 2018 were 6.17/100 000 and 6.96/100 000, respectively, the age-standardized mortality rate was significantly decreased as its APC (95%CI) was −2.75% (−3.72% – −1.78%). YLLs caused by major kidney diseases in the whole population, males and females were 966 493.40, 575 115.70 and 391 377.70 years, respectively, relative average YLLs were 23.11, 23.99 and 21.97 years/person, respectively; YLL rates in 2010 and 2018 were 1.53 and 1.55 years per 1 000 persons, respectively, the age-standardized YLL rate was significantly decreased as its APC (95%CI) was −2.59% (−3.53% – −1.64%). Besides, the age-specific mortalities and age-specific YLL rates of major kidney diseases were all at low levels before the age of 30 and increased slowly after the age of 30, and increased rapidly after the age of 60. The age-standardized mortality and age-standardized YLL rate of kidney cancer were significantly increased, however, that of both glomerular disease and tubulointerstitial disease showed no trends, and that of renal failure decreased significantly.ConclusionBoth the death burden and early death burden of total four kinds of major kidney disease in Jiangsu Province had decreased significantly between 2010 and 2018. Both the death burden and early death burden of males were higher than that of females. Both the death burden and early death burden of kidney cancer had increased that suggesting more relative control strategies should be made in the future.

Tendency prediction of COVID-19 worldwide

Fengying Wei, Jinjie Wang, Xianming Xu, Jianzhao Gao, Boling Wang, Chiyu Ma, Zhihang Peng, Zhen Jin, Senzhong Huang

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.004

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ObjectiveWe give projections of the COVID-19 epidemic course worldwide.MethodsBased on a generic SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered/removed) model which incorporates the main epidemiological parameters and control efficacy into it, we construct thereby the webapp EpiSIX and use it to forecast the possible tendency of the epidemic course of COVID-19.ResultsIdeally, the epidemic course worldwide would be stopped by the end of September 2020, with outcomes of 7.0 million diagnosed cases worldwide and 2.5 million diagnosed cases in the USA (currently 5.4 million worldwide and 1.67 million in USA).ConclusionWe make a Warning: Predicted only for the first wave. Be careful with the emerging of second wave.

Secretion characteristics of cytokines in mice after infected with Nocardia cyriaciorgica GUH-2

Lichao Han, Xingzhao Ji, Shuai Xu, Lina Sun, , Han Song, Ningwei Zheng, Zhenjun Li

Accepted Manuscript

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ObjectiveTo understand the characteristics of cytokine secretion in mice after infected with Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, clarify its pathogenesis, and provide theoretical basis for the treatment of nocardiosis.MethodsBALB/c mice were infected by nasal drip, and then the bacterial loads in the lung of the mice at different time intervals were counted by plate counting. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the concentration of cytokines in lung tissues and serum of the mice at different time intervals. Software SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsMost of N. cyriacigeorgica (98.35%) in the lung tissues of the mice were eliminated at 48 h after infection, and no N. cyriacigeorgica was detected in serum of the mice. In the early stage of infection, the concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the lung tissues of the mice were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The concentrations of these cytokines showed a trend of decline over time. In serum of the mice, the concentrations of IL-6 (6-24 h), IFN-γ (12-24 h) and IL-10 (48 h) were higher than those in the control group. The difference was significant (P<0.01). And the concentrations of IL-12 (12-48 h) and IL-4 (12 h) were significantly inhibited compared with the control group. The difference was significant (P<0.01). In addition, there were positive correlations between the concentrations of cytokines and bacterial loads in the lung tissues of the mice.ConclusionIn the process of infection with N. cyriacigeorgica in mice, cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4 were secreted, especially the high concentrations of IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-10. The interactions of various cytokines were involved in the immune response mechanism of eliminating N. cyriacigeorgica infection.

Laboratory analysis on one food poisoning event caused by Clostridium perfringens

Guoqiang Ji, Ying Li, Shuang Zhang, Jinchang Lyu, He Zhang, Hongmei Ma, Bo Pang, Maojun Zhang

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.019

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ObjectiveTo identify the pathogen of one food poisoning event with three detection methods.MethodReal-time PCR, digital PCR and plate count culture were applied in the detection of suspected contaminated food samples (salt water pig liver); Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed for the typing of the isolates. Biochemical bacteria identification and real-time PCR were performed for the Clostridium perfringens isolates from the suspected contaminated food samples; digital PCR was performed for the absolute quantification of virulence genes.ResultsPlate count culture value of C. perfringens was 4 400 000 CFU/g for the suspected contaminated food samples, and 22 C. perfringens isolates were obtained, which were positive for both plc gene and cpe gene of C. perfringens indicated by real-time PCR; and 3 isolates were plc+/cpe+, 19 isolates were plc+/cpe–. Absolute quantification value of plc gene was 1064 Copies/μl. Twenty two C. perfringens isolates had 2 different PFGE patterns.ConclusionLaboratory analysis through three detection methods indicated that this food poisoning might be caused by C. perfringens.

Application of whole genome sequencing in etiology investigation of an outbreak of polyclonal Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection

Weiwei Zhang, Ying Li, Qun Wang, Lin Zhao, Baoli Feng, Huiting Jiang, Shuai Hao, Qing Li, Ying Zhang, Hongmei Ma, Bo Pang

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.013

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ObjectiveApplying real-time PCR and whole genome sequencing in the etiology investigation of an outbreak caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus.MethodsDiarrhea patient stool samples and epidemiological data were collected. Suspected pathogens were screened with real-time PCR. V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated, identified and their serotypes were confirmed by agglutination with commercial diagnostic serum. The existences of tdh and trh genes were identified with real-time PCR. The drug resistance of the strains was determined by broth micro-dilution method, and whole genome sequencing data was used for genetic analysis.ResultsA total of 13 V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from 9 anal swabs of patients, including 7 strains of O4∶KUT (trh–/tdh+) and 6 trains of O1∶KUT (5 trh+/tdh+ strains, 1 trh–/tdh–strain). All the V. parahaemolyticus strains were only resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to other 29 kinds of antibiotics. The 13 V. parahaemolyticus strains formed four independent and distant related lineages, Lineage 1 (O4∶KUT, trh–/tdh+, 2 strains), Lineage 2 (trh–/tdh–, 1 strain), Lineage 3 (O1∶KUT trh+/tdh+, 5 strains) and Lineage 4 (O4∶KUT, trh–/tdh+, 5 strains). Three patients had mixed infections of V. parahaemolyticus from three different genetic branches.ConclusionThis outbreak was caused by polyclonal V. parahaemolyticus. Whole genome sequencing has a good application prospect in pathogen analysis of diarrhea outbreak.

Laboratory identification of an infant botulism B case

Aijia Zhang, Qijie Sun, Ying Huang, Pengya Gao, Zhinan Liu, Xiaojing Peng, Yang Liu, Xuefang Xu, Xiuwei Zhuo, Weihua Zhang, Changde Wu, Xuancheng Lu

Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.021

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ObjectiveA laboratory test of the stool sample collected from a suspected infant botulism case in Beijing Children’s Hospital in February 2019 was conducted for the final confirmation.MethodsThe sample was diluted according to GB 4789.12—2016 for the botulinum toxin identification in animal experiments. The sample was inoculated in enrichment medium to observe its change and inoculated in yolk medium for strain isolation purification. PCR amplification technology was used to amplify 16S rRNA, and the sequences of the target fragments were aligned.ResultsMice were injected intraperitoneally with dilution of stool sample, and the mice developed shortness of breath, abdominal breathing and died within 4–6 hours, showing typical symptoms of botulism. The typical Clostridium botulinum was isolated on the yolk medium plate, and the spore morphology was observed by gram staining. The gene sequence alignment showed that the sequence of the 16S rRNA shared 99% similarity with that of C. botulinum. Fluorescent quantitative PCR showed that toxin gene B of C. botulinum was positive, and the infant was diagnosed with botulism B.ConclusionThe test results and diagnosis protocol of this study provide reference for the diagnosis and prevention as well as of clinical identification of botulism B in infants in China.

Measles vaccination rate and influencing factors in migrant workers in Changping district, Beijing

Jilin Sui, Junying Yang, Haihong Wang, Ying Xu, Liwen Zhang, Xiaoxiao Fan

Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.017

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ObjectiveTo understand the vaccination rate of measles attenuated live vaccine (MV) and the influencing factors in migrant workers in Changping district of Beijing.MethodsA questionnaire survey of MV vaccination was conducted in migrant workers aged 16–40 years selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling in 20 townships (streets) of Changping district of Beijing in April 2015. The survey contents included basic information, health knowledge awareness and MV vaccination status of the migrant workers. The factors influencing the vaccination rate were analyzed by χ² test and logistic regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe overall vaccination rate of MV was 17.63% (241/1 367). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the MV vaccination rate was higher in age group 16–20 years than in other age groups (OR＝1.852, 95% CI: 1.111–3.088), higher in married people than in other people (OR＝1.369, 95% CI: 1.005–1.866), higher in those with qualified health literacy (OR＝1.693, 95%CI: 1.246–2.301), but lower in those without awareness of vaccination policy (OR＝0.451, 95% CI: 0.337–0.602).ConclusionThe MV vaccination rate was low in migrant workers age 16–40 years in Changping. Age, marriage, health literacy and awareness of MV vaccination policy were the influencing factors of MV vaccination coverage in migrant workers in Changping. It is necessary to strengthen the health education about measles prevention and control knowledge of measles prevention as well as MV vaccination policy in migrant workers to improve the MV vaccination coverage in this population.

Yanqiu Sheng, Xiaoge Su, Lei Wang, Ying Cui, Xin Nie, Bin He

Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.016

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ObjectiveTo investigate the influenza related knowledge awareness and influenza vaccination coverage in nurses in Heilongjiang province during 2017–2018 and identify the influencing factors.MethodsBy means of convenient sampling and targeted delivery of questionnaires, the online questionnaire survey was conducted in nurses registered in the nursing network with their current address in Heilongjiang.ResultsA total of 773 nurses returned valid questionnaires, and among the 773 nurses, the awareness rate of influenza related knowledge was higher than 86.80%, but the coverage rate of influenza vaccination was only 4.01% (31/773), and only 24.84% of the nurses had recommended influenza vaccine to their patients. The major reason for not receiving influenza vaccination was too busy (20.75%). The gender, age, working year, institution type, institution level and department in medical institution had no influences on influenza vaccination rate in the nurses (P＞0.05).ConclusionThe coverage rate of influenza vaccination in the nurses in Heilongjiang was low. It is suggested to improve the availability of influenza vaccination in medical personnel in Heilongjiang by exploring the feasibility of free vaccination and specific forms of vaccination, and conducting targeted health education to increase the coverage of influenza vaccination in nurses.

Epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Lyuliangshan area, 2006–2018

Yaling Jin, Yunxia Geng, Yuewei Chen, Hao Li, Dapeng Yin

Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.015

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ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis and its weakness of prevention and control in Lyuliangshan area from 2006 to 2018, and to provide suggestions on its prevention and control.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological method is used to analyze the population profile and seasonal and area distribution of brucellosis, based on surveillance data.ResultsBrucellosis of Lyuliangshan area has obvious seasonal, regional and population distribution characteristics. From 2006 to 2018, there were 10 556 cases of human brucellosis, mainly in counties of Shenchi, Suide and Zizhou. There were two spikes in 2008 and 2014. It has a distinct seasonal characteristics from 2006 to 2015, the incidence in spring and summer accounted for 72.89% of total cases. After 2015, the seasonal characteristics decreased, and the incidence accounted for 65.93%. There was an overall upward trend in the population aged 50–80, accounting for 58.79% of total reported cases, mainly among males and farmers.ConclusionThe incidence trend of brucellosis in lyuliangshan presents a bimodal change with regional clustering, and the seasonal characteristics are not obvious in recent years, so the change of epidemiological characteristics should be noted.

Research on detection method of Vibrio parahaemolyticus based on CRISPR/Cas protein

Qun Wang, Zhe Li, Lin Zhao, Zijian Wang, Hongqun Zhao, Biao Kan, Bo Pang

Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.012

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ObjectiveTo establish a method for rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by use the principle of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the characteristics of Cas12a enzyme to achieve accurate and rapid detection and identification of pathogens.MethodsIn this study, we prepared and purified Cas12a protein, screened and constructed V. parahaemolyticus guide RNA, established the CRISPR fluorescence detection system of V. parahaemolyticus, and determined the effectiveness of the CRISPR-VP detection method based on the final fluorescence amplification curve.ResultsIn the CRISPR-VP detection method, a significant fluorescent signal will be produced only in the presence of the sequence of V. parahaemolyticus.ConclusionThis experiment initially established the detection method of V. parahaemolyticus based on CRISPR/Cas protein, providing the preliminary conditions for the subsequent development of simple detection reagents.

Acute effect of ozone on daily stroke mortality in 88 districts/counties of China

Min He, Jinlei Qi, Peng Yin, Maigeng Zhou, Jiangmei Liu, Yunning Liu, Jinling You, Lin Lin, Lijun Wang

Corrected proof , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.007

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ObjectiveTo explore the acute effect of ozone on daily stroke mortality in 88 districts/counties of China.MethodsDaily stroke mortality and environment data from 2015 to 2018 in 88 districts/counties of China were collected to perform a time-series analysis. First, we linked Quasi-Poisson distribution with generalized additive model to evaluate the effect of ozone on daily stroke mortality in each districts/counties after adjusting the long-term and seasonal trend as well as meteorological factors and the effect of “days of week”. Then, we used random-effects meta-analyses to pool districts/counties-specific estimates and obtain overall average summary estimates of acute effect of ozone on stroke mortality. We also conducted stratification analyses by regional, seasonal and demographic factors (sex and age).ResultsAt the overall average level, a 10 μg/m³ increase in ozone concentration (lag1) was associated with 0.30% of risk increase of daily mortality form stroke (95% CI : 0.13%-0.47%). At the area specific average level, the acute effect was strongest in the districts/counties in southern China, and the estimate was 0.74% (95% CI : 0.08%-1.40%). Sex specific analysis indicated that each 10 μg/m³ increase in ozone concentration was associated with an increase of 0.38% (95% CI: 0.13%-0.63%) and 0.23% (95% CI: 0.002%-0.460%) of daily stroke mortality in females and males, respectively. The association were stronger in warm season and in older people. However, there were no statistically significant differences in associations between ozone and daily stroke mortality according to region, season, sex and age.ConclusionThe increase in air ozone concentration can increase the risk of stroke mortality. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of ozone pollution.

Life expectancy and major mortality trends of residents in Beijing, 2010–2019

Zaihua Wei, Jianting Su, Qingping Liu, Ping Wang, Yiming Zhang

Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.005

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ObjectiveTo analyze and evaluate the health status and major mortality trends of residents in Beijing from 2010 to 2019, and provide evidence for reaching the goals of the mid and long-term plan of healthy Beijing 2030 and the formulation of health prevention and control strategies.MethodsThe health status of residents in Beijing were described and evaluated by using 2010–2019 death surveillance data in residents of Beijing, such as life expectancy, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, and premature mortality rate from chronic diseases.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2019, the infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate in local residents showed a downward trend and remained at low levels. The life expectancy increased from 2010 to 2019, with an average annual increase of 0.16 years, and it reached 82.31 years in 2019 (79.81 years in males and 84.16 years in females . The premature mortality rate of chronic diseases decreased year by year, and it was 10.56% in 2019 (14.36% in males and 6.37% in females).ConclusionThe infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, life expectancy, and premature mortality rate from chronic diseases in Beijing residents can meet the requirements of the “Healthy Beijing 2030” Outline. The health status of Beijing residents has reached the level of high-income countries and regions, and the health status of women is better than that of men.

Summary of global surveillance data of infectious diseases in May 2020

Hui Han, Bo Wu, Yajing Song, Jiaojiao Jia

Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.003

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Abstract:
In May 2020, a total of 61 infectious diseases were reported globally, affecting 218 countries and regions. Except for influenza, the top five infectious diseases affecting greatest number of countries and regions were COVID-19 (217), dengue fever (22), measles (16), Zika virus disease (14) and Chikungunya fever (13). The top three infectious diseases with highest case fatality rates were Ebola virus disease (65.8%), Lassa fever (19.4%) and COVID-19 (6.2%). The top five infectious diseases with greatest number of deaths were COVID-19, dengue fever, measles, cholera and Lassa fever. The prevalent infectious diseases in Asia were COVID-19 and dengue fever, the prevalent infectious diseases in Africa were COVID-19,Ebola virus disease, cholera, yellow fever, Lassa fever and measles, the prevalent infectious diseases in America were COVID-19, dengue fever, Zika virus disease and Chikungunya fever,the prevalent infectious diseases in Europe were COVID-19 and measles.

Identification of Brucella mutants by MLVA assay

Guozhong Tian, Hai Jiang, Hongyan Zhao, Xiaowen Yang, Dongri Piao

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ObjectiveTo classify Brucella variants which cannot be classified by conventional biological detection methods by using multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) assay.MethodsThirty nine clinical Brucella isolates were identified as Brucella variants by biological methods. They were classified again by MLVA assay.ResultsThirty nine strains Brucella isolates agglutinated with rough type serum R and could be cleaved by BK2 phage. But WB and TB phages were not cleaved. The biological types were uncertain. Nine strains could agglutinate weakly with serum A and M, and 2 strains could agglutinate weakly with serum M. The other 28 strains did not agglutinate with serum A and M. Thirty three strains could be cleaved by rough Iz phage. The 39 strains were identified as Brucella variants by biological detection methods. The MLVA assay including 16 tandem repeats loci were used to analyze the 39 Brucella isolates and 17 Brucella reference strains (6 species and types). Cluster analysis showed that in the 39 strains of Brucella variants, 2 strains were similar to Brucella abortus biovar 2 or 4, and 37 strains were similar to Brucella melitensis biovar 3.ConclusionThe conventional biological identification methods combined with MLVA assay seems to be suitable for further classification of Brucella strains, especially for Brucella variant.

导　读

Peng Yin

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2020年5月中国甲乙丙类传染病疫情动态概要

Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2020.06.002

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Results of seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis B in healthy population in Zhejiang, 2018

Wen Shi, Yang Zhou, Chen Yuan, Rui Yan, Hanqing He, Xuewen Tang, Xuan Deng

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ObjectiveTo investigate the serum markers of hepatitis B virus in healthy population in Zhejiang province in 2018.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among 0-59 years old people with local residence >6 months who were selected through multistage stratified cluster random sampling, in 11 prefectures (municipality) and Yiwu of Zhejiang, and 2 ml of venous blood was collected from each study subjects for the detections of hepatitis B virus related antigen and antibody.ResultsA total of 4194 people were investigated, the positive rate of HBsAg was 4.58% (19 /4194), and the anti-HBs rate was 63.92% (2681/4194). The positive rate of HBsAg in populations aged 0-14, 15-29 and 30-59 years increased with age (χ²= 85.228, P<0.001). The positive rate of anti HBs decreased first and then increased (χ²=110.413, P<0.001). The immunization rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 63.02% (2643/4194). The vaccination rates decreased with age (χ²=2229.121, P<0.001).The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that gender and immunization history of hepatitis B vaccine were the main factors influencing the positive rate of HBsAg in adults. The positive rate of HBsAg was higher in men than in women (OR=1.404, 95% CI: 1.014～1.944). The positive rate of HBsAg was lower in patients with hepatitis B immunization history than in those without hepatitis B immunization history (OR=0.548, 95% CI: 0.371～0.810).ConclusionRemarkable achievements have been made in the prevention and control of hepatitis B in children in Zhejiang. It is beneficial for the prevention and control of hepatitis B in adults by increasing the immunization rate of hepatitis B vaccine and strengthening the detections of hepatitis B virus antigen and antibody in this population.

Diversity and drug resistance of Salmonella in river environment of Yuyao, Zhejiang, 2018–2019

Shaojun Huang, Xuehui Luo, Jiahui Zhu

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ObjectiveTo understand the distribution and pollution of Salmonella in rivers in Yuyao, Zhejaing province.MethodsThe water samples were collected from 12 surveillance sites in Yuyao from January 2018 to December 2019, and then enrichment, isolation, biochemical identification, serotyping, drug sensitivity test and detection of drug resistance genes were carried out.ResultsA total of 116 water samples containing Salmonella were detected in 192 river water samples, with a detection rate of 60.42%. The positive rate at Yaojiang bridge was highest (87.50%). A total of 177 Salmonella strains were detected in 116 positive water samples, which belonged to 25 serotypes, of which S.Typhimurium (16.38%), S. Derby (12.43%) and S.4,［5］,12:i:- (11.30%) ranked top three. The number of serotypes detected at Sanguantang of Yaojiang river was highest. In seasonal distribution of the detection, more serotypes were detected in spring. Thirty nine strains showed extensive sensitivity to 16 antibiotics tested, while other strains showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The resistance rates to penicillin and tetracycline were higher, the resistance rates to ampicillin, piperacillin and tetracycline were 72.31%, 51.41% and 66.10%, respectively. Thirty four strains were multi-drug resistant to three or more antibiotics. The detection rates of β-lactam antibiotic resistance gene tem, oxa and ctx-M were 67.23%, 6.78% and 12.43% respectively. The detection rates of tetracycline resistance gene tetA, tetB and tetG were 55.37%, 15.25% and 7.9%, respectively.ConclusionThe detection rate of Salmonella in river environment of Yuyao was high, and the detected Salmonella strains had multi serotypes, serious drug resistance and complicated drug resistance mechanism. Therefore, it is suggested to pay close attention to the hazard of Salmonella from environmental sources in foodborne disease control.

Progress in research of resistance and adaptation mechanisms of Campylobacter to antibiotics and biocides

Jinli Guo, Zhongxin Zhou, Guyue Cheng, Yulian Wang, Lingli Huang, Kexiang Xiong, Xiao Huang, Chunbei Liu, Haihong Hao

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Campylobacter, especially C. jejuni, is one of the three foodborne pathogens in the world. The production and spread of its antibiotic and biocide resistances is the focus of food safety. Compared with sensitive strains, after acquiring drug resistance, a series of physiological changes of bacteria, such as growth ability, in vitro and in vivo colonization and pathogenicity, will occur to develop adaptability for better survival under certain conditions. The strength of adaptability determines the risk of drug-resistant bacteria spreading in host and environment. This paper summarizes the resistance and adaptation mechanisms of Campylobacter to major antibiotics and biocides to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of the prevalence and spread of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter.

Study on HIV-1 subtypes and molecular cluster characteristics of middle-aged and elderly HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangshan, Zhejiang, 2014–2018

Xufu Chen, Jialing You, Jiafeng Zhang, Qin Fan, Jiaming Yao, Lei Lyu, Wei Wang, Ping Wang, Qi Wu

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ObjectiveTo understand the distribution of HIV subtypes and the characteristics of molecular transmission clusters of middle-aged and elderly HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangshan of Zhejiang province, and provide technical support for the analysis of HIV epidemic trends and the prevention and control of the epidemic.MethodsNewly HIV-1 diagnosed middle aged and elderly HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangshan from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled in this molecular epidemiological study. Total viral RNA was extracted from plasma of 94 patients, including 3 female sex workers (FSWs). The pol genes were amplified with RT-PCR and nested PCR, and then the nucleic acid was sequenced. Software MEGA 6.0 was applied to construct Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree for subtype analysis. Software Cytoscape 3.6.0 was applied to construct HIV molecular clusters for sequences with a genetic distance≤0.01.ResultsThe success rate of sequence acquisition was 86.2% (81/94). The predominant subtype was CRF01_AE (93.8%, 76/81), followed by CRF07_BC in 3 cases (3.7%) and subtype B in 2 cases (2.5%). Three molecular transmission clusters consisting of subtype CRF01_AE were found. The total clustered rate was 84.0% (68/81). The large cluster contained 64 cases (including 1 positive FSW), and two small clusters were all composed of 2 cases.ConclusionThe HIV subtype of middle- aged and elderly people in Jiangshan was mainly CRF01_AE. Transmission clusters that closely related to positive FSWs were found. Therefore, the case epidemiological investigation in the clusters should be strengthened in order to implement targeted public health intervention.

Serotype changes and drug sensitivity of Salmonella in Yuyao, Zhejiang, 2007–2018

Jianqun Zhang, Shijie Yuan, Chao Miao

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ObjectiveTo investigate the infection status, serotype changes and drug sensitivity of Salmonella in patients with diarrhea in Yuyao of Zhejiang province and provide reference for the prevention and clinical treatment.MethodsA total of 295 strains of Salmonella isolated from diarrhea patients from 2007 to 2018 were resuscitated, serotyped, and their drug susceptibilities were tested. The detection rates in different years were compared with χ² test.ResultsThe detection rate of Salmonella was 8.60% in sentinel hospitals in Yuyao from 2007 to 2018, and the ratio of male to female was 1.07. Salmonella could be detected in all age groups, mainly in children under 5 years old, the highest detection rate was in summer (10.20%) and the lowest in winter (1.64%). Thirty nine serotypes were detected, belonging to 10 serogroups, and the first four predominant serotypes were S. 4,5,12:i:- (24.41%), S. typhimurium (15.25%), S. enteritidis (9.83%), and S. stanley (8.14%). The resistance rates of the 295 strains to penicillins, tetracyclines and sulfamethoxazole were high, but they were sensitive to other antibiotics, and the resistance rate to cephalosporins increased significantly during 2014—2018 compared with that during 2007—2013. A total of 107 strains (36.27%) were multi-drug resistant, belonging to predominant serotypes and accounting for 36.27%. In the past 12 years, the detection rate, serotypes and drug resistance of Salmonella changed. The detection rate was low during 2007-2013 (3.08%, 34/1103), and 14 serotypes were detected, mainly S. typhimurium (38.24%, 13/34) and S. enteritis (20.59%, 7/34). The detection rate was high during 2014-2018 (11.22%, 261/2307), and 34 serotypes were detected. S. 4,5,12:i:- has replaced S. typhimurium as the first serotype, S. typhimurium ranked second, S. stanley and S. enteritidis ranked third.ConclusionThe predominant serotypes of Salmonella in Yuyao were mainly S. 4,5,12:i:- and S. typhimurium. The surveillance of multi-drug resistance of Salmonella should be further strengthened.

High-throughput sequencing based analysis on diversity of pathogens carried by ticks in Yuyao, Zhejiang

Shaojun Huang, Yi Zhang, Xuehui Luo, Lifeng Chen

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ObjectiveTo investigate the composition and diversity of tick-borne pathogens in Yuyao, Zhejiang.MethodsThe collected ticks were classified morphologically, and then the highly variable V3-V4 regions of bacterial 16S rDNA gene carried by ticks were sequenced by high throughput sequencing, and their biological information were analyzed.ResultsA total of 481 ticks were detected, which were Haemaphysalis longicornis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes sinensis, respectively. The predominant population was H. longicornis, accounting for 94.18%. The average effective sequence reads of 21 groups of ticks was 55 753.The average length of the sequence was 457.82 bp, and the average content of G+C was 52.07%. A total of 2 104 OTU were generated. The dilution curve tended to be smooth, and the coverage of the sample library was more than 99%. The results of colony composition showed that a total of 9 phylum in 77 genus were detected, and the top three were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. Among them, the abundance of Firmicutes was highest, and it has become the predominant flora of ticks. Five kinds of zoonotic bacteria were also found in the microorganisms carried by ticks, which were Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Rickettsia, Pseudomonas and Streptococcus. Among them, Staphylococcus was the main species with the highest abundance (98.76%).ConclusionThe microbial community information carried by ticks can be analyzed comprehensively and accurately by high-throughput sequencing, providing evidences for the prevention and control of tick-borne infectious diseases, new animal diseases and the establishment of comprehensive surveillance platform.

Epidemiological investigation of a cutaneous anthrax outbreak in TongLiao, Inner Mongolia, 2018

Li Nie, Humujiletu Liu, Yan Hai, Shiyuan Li, Duo Xu, Hongyang Sui, batu Buren, Hua Yue, Weidong Guo

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ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological and transmission characteristics of a cutaneous anthrax outbreak in Tongliao of Inner Mongolia in 2018, discuss the diagnosis process of the anthrax cases and provide evidence for the prevention and control of cutaneous anthrax in the future.MethodsThe field epidemiological investigation was conducted to analyze the time, area and population distributions, exposure history, contact mode, clinical features of the anthrax cases. Laboratory detections included pathogen isolation and identification, PCR and ELISA.ResultsA total of 23 cutaneous anthrax cases were reported in the outbreak, which were all distributed in a natural village. The age of the cases ranged from 20 to 64 years. Most cases were aged 30—55 years, accounting for 91.30%, and most cases were farmers, accounting for 95.65%. The outbreak lasted for 23 d. Of the 10 confirmed cases, 7 showed positive PCR results. A strain of Bacillus anthracis was isolated and its virulent plasmid was detected by PCR.ConclusionThe epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak was obvious. Dissection, stripping, slaughter of sick animals, and exposure to sick animals and its products were the risk factors for the onset of anthrax. The source of the outbreak was sick cow or sick sheep. The transmission route was direct contact. Farmers were at high-risk. Taking joint prevention and control measures was the key for the timely control of the anthrax outbreak.

Analysis on the first infection case of Neisseria meningitidis Y clonal complex 23 in China

Liping Zhang, Xueyi Ye, Huizhang Xiong, Yong Huang, Xuefen Ye, Qiaoli Zhang

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ObjectiveTo analyze the etiological and molecular characteristics of the first infection case of Neisseria meningitidis Y in Dongguan of Guangdong province.MethodsN. meningitidis strains were isolated from the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid and throat swabs of 171 close contacts by biochemistry test, serological grouping and fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotypes of the isolates were analyzed using multi locus sequence typing (MLST).ResultsThe results of biochemistry test, serological test and real-time PCR showed that this strain from the patient was N. meningitidis Y. MLST results indicated that it belonged to ST-23 clonal complex (cc23). One strain of N. meningitidis Y and four strains of N. meningitidis B were isolated from 171 throat swabs of close contacts. The results of MLST indicated that the N. meningitidis Y belonged to cc23, one of the N. meningitidis B strain belonged to unassigned complex sequence types. Two N. meningitidis B strains might belong to ST-4821 clonal complex, while another one was identified as ST-5664 belonging to ST-4821 clonal complex.ConclusionThis was the first infection case of N. meningitidis Y in Guangdong as well as the first infection case of N. meningitidis Y cc23 in China, suggesting the need of further etiology surveillance for meningococcal meningitis caused by N. meningitidis Y

Investigation of concentrations of 6 elements in whole blood of children in Cixi, Zhejiang province, 2018–2019

Yidong Yu, Wei Feng, Songdao Ye

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ObjectiveTo understand the nutrition status of whole blood Six elements [lead (Pb), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)] in children in Cixi, Zhejiang province, and provide theoretical basis to guide trace and constant elements supplement in children.MethodsA total of 7 508 children from January 2018 to October 2019 who visited preventive medicine clinic of Cixi Maternity and Child Health Care Center were surveyed, they were divided into four groups according to age, blood concentrations of Pb, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn respectively, and the medical records of children diagnosed with trace element deficiency or excess were analyzed.ResultsThe mean blood concentrations of Pb, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn in children in all age groups were within the reference range, the differences in mean blood concentrations s of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn showed significances among all age groups (P＜0.05), but the differences in Pb concentration showed no significance (P＞0.05). A total of 872 cases of Ca deficiency (11.61%), 448 cases of Zn deficiency (5.97%), 351 cases of Fe deficiency (4.68%), 94 cases of Pb excess (1.25%), 7 cases of Mg deficiency (0.09%) and 1 case of Cu deficiency (0.01%) were detected. The differences in Ca, Zn and Fe deficiency rates and Pb exceeding rate showed significances among all age groups (P＜0.05), but the differences in Mg and Cu deficiency rates had no significances (P＞0.05); The differences in Fe, Ca and Zn concentrations between children suffering from short stature, anorexia and acute upper respiratory infection and healthy children were significant (P＜0.05), but the differences in Pb concentration had no significance (P＞0.05).ConclusionThe Zn, Ca and Fe deficiency rates and Pb exceeding rate were high in children in Cixi. The Fe, Ca and Zn concentrations were low in children suffering from short stature, anorexia and acute upper respiratory infection, so it is recommended to have appropriate supplement.

2019年乌干达阻断输入性肺鼠疫传播的干预措施

Zhenyu Gong, Xunliang Gong

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influencing factors for desert type Kala-azar in epidemic area in Xinjiang

Mamatimin Yalkun·, Weiping Wu, Yanyan Hou, Qiguo Wang, Eli Mamatjian·, Tursun Mamutjiang·

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ObjectiveTo investigate possible factors of desert-type Kala-azar in epidemic area in in Xinjiang, and provide scientific basis to formulate and control strategies for desert-type Kala-azar in Xinjiang.MethodsIn Gholtoghraq township of Jiashi county, we selected 2–3 villages in the east, west, south, north, and central parts, respectively. where Kala-azar cases had been to the epidemic information system in recent years, the reported cases were used as case groups, the gender and age matched control group composed of healthy young children in the same village (same or adjacent group) who had no history of Kala-azar and clinical symptoms or signs of Kala-azar for a 1∶3 case control study. The parents of the children were interviewed in household surveys using questionnaires collecting the information about wild animals or domestic animals, living behavior and environment. The results were analyzed by univataite and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 140 children were investigated, of which 35 were in case group and 105 were in control group. Univariate analysis results showed that the differences in increased number of sheep (goats) in the livestock pen within 30 meters of surveyed household, and increased distance between door and livestock pen, using no mosquito repellent or insecticide, using no curtain, desert environment within 50 meters, sleeping in the open near door and using no mosquito nets between case group and control group had significance. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the differences in increased number of sheep (goats) in livestock pen within 30 meters of the survey households ［1.10(95% Cl: 1.00–1.20)］, increased distance between door and livestock pen ［0.94 (95% Cl: 0.89–0.99)］ and sleeping near door ［11.00 (95% CI: 2.50–55.00)］ between case group and control group had significance.ConclusionThe number of sheep (goats) in livestock penwithin 30 meters of household, sleeping in the open near door in summer and distance between livestock pen and door were the associated factors of desert-type Kala-azar in children in epidemic area in Xinjiang

Analysis on duplicated reporting of genital tract infection of Chlamydia trachomatis in Zhejiang, 2018–2019

Lijuan Fei, Limei Wu, Wenming Kong, Yanmin Wang, Fanrong Zeng, Na Du

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ObjectiveTo understand the duplicated reporting of the genital tract infection of Chlamydia trachomatis in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2019 and provide evidence for the development of corresponding management measures to accurately collect the incidence data.MethodsThe data about the reported cases of genital tract infection of C. trachomatis in Zhejiang from 2018 to 2019 was collected through the National Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System. And the duplicated reporting of cases were identified to calculate the duplicated reporting rate.ResultsA total of 59 826 cases of genital tract infection of C. trachomatis were reported in Zhejiang from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, with a duplicated reporting rate of 1.29%. The area specific duplicated reporting rate ranged from 0.28% to 5.68%, and the difference was significant (χ²＝300.970, P＜0.001). The age specific duplicated reporting rate ranged from 0.67% to 1.65% (χ²＝50.060, P＜0.001). The duplicated reporting rate was higher in obstetrics and gynecology hospitals and maternity and child health centers (1.54%) than in other medical institutions (χ²＝10.790, P＜0.05).ConclusionThere was duplicated reporting of genital tract infection of C. trachomatis in Zhejiang, indicating that it is necessary to strengthen the check-up in medical institutions and centers for disease control and prevention.

A survey of infection status of Bartonella henselae and other two pathogens in Citellus Undulatus in Guertu, Xinjiang

Bo Li, Shan Lu, Tao Luo, Abudurexiti Abulikemu·, Qin Hao, Xinhui Wang, Lin Zhang, Baokaixi Guliayi·, Wei Li

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ObjectiveTo investigate the infection status of Bartonella henselae, Borrelia burgdoferi sense lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Citellus Undulatus in Guertu of Xinjiang, analyze its transmission risk and provide evidence for control measures.MethodsA total of 86 Citellus Undulatus were captured with 24 hours-bow-shaped clip method in Chagangguole, Bulanlulake and Baishitou of Guertu during May-September, 2017, the kidneys of mouse were removed under aseptic condition, genome DNA was extracted and ssrA of Bartonella henselae, recA of Borrelia burgdoferi sense lato and Msp2 of Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.ResultsAmong the 86 samples of Citellus Undulatus detected, the infection rates of Bartonella henselae, Borrelia burgdoferi sense lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were 48.84% (42/86), 6.98% (6/82) and 3.49% (3/86), respectively. The infection rate of Bartonella henselae in Bulanlulake was higher than that in Chagangguole and in Baishitou, the infection rates of Borrelia burgdoferi sense lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Baishitou were higher than those in other two areas.ConclusionNatural infections of Bartonell henselae, Borrelia burgdoferi sense lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in Citellus Undulatus in Guertu.