Abstract: Objective This study was conducted tO investigate and analyze a case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection (H5N1) for the provision of scientific basis for the formulation of measures tO prevent and control avian influenza in humans．Methods epidemiological investigation，clinical examination，serological tests，RT-PCR，and real-time PCR were employed for analysis and diagnosis．Results One case of highly pathogenic avian influenza vires infection in humans (H5N1) was found and died of respiratory failure．The patient had a history of contact with diseased and dead birds．The epidemic was put under control through isolated treatment，personal protection，medical observation，sterilization and SO on，no second generation case seen．Conclusion Comprehensive measures for the prevention and control of the epidemic need tO be taken tO reinforce the surveillance of the avian influenza epidemic to prevent it from recurring．